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The Emptiness Problem is the problem of deciding if a given regular language is empty (= ∅).
Theorem 4 (Emptiness) The Emptiness Problem for Regular Languages is decidable.
Proof: We'll sketch three different algorithms for deciding the Emptiness Problem, given some DFA A = (Q,Σ, T, q0, F).
(Emptiness 1) A string w is in L(A) iff it labels a path through the transition graph of A from q0 to an accepting state. Thus, the language will be non-empty iff there is some such path. So the question of Emptiness reduces to the question of connectivity: the language recognized by A is empty iff there is no accepting state in the connected component of its transition graph that is rooted at q0. The problem of determining connected components of directed graphs is algorithmically solvable,by Depth-First Search, for instance (and solvable in time linear in the number of nodes). So, given A, we just do a depth-?rst search of the transition graph rooted at the start state keeping track of whether we encounter any accepting state. We return "True" iff we ?nd none.
The computation of an SL 2 automaton A = ( Σ, T) on a string w is the maximal sequence of IDs in which each sequential pair of IDs is related by |- A and which starts with the in
proof ogdens lemma .with example i am not able to undestand the meaning of distinguished position .
As de?ned the powerset construction builds a DFA with many states that can never be reached from Q′ 0 . Since they cannot be reached from Q′ 0 there is no path from Q′ 0 to a sta
turing machine for prime numbers
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#Your company has 25 licenses for a computer program, but you discover that it has been copied onto 80 computers. You informed your supervisor, but he/she is not willing to take an
A context free grammar G = (N, Σ, P, S) is in binary form if for all productions A we have |α| ≤ 2. In addition we say that G is in Chomsky Normaml Form (CNF) if it is in bi
Proof (sketch): Suppose L 1 and L 2 are recognizable. Then there are DFAs A 1 = (Q,Σ, T 1 , q 0 , F 1 ) and A 2 = (P,Σ, T 2 , p 0 , F 2 ) such that L 1 = L(A 1 ) and L 2 = L(
Construct a Mealy machine that can output EVEN or ODD According to the total no. of 1''s encountered is even or odd.
To see this, note that if there are any cycles in the Myhill graph of A then L(A) will be infinite, since any such cycle can be repeated arbitrarily many times. Conversely, if the
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