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The Emptiness Problem is the problem of deciding if a given regular language is empty (= ∅).
Theorem 4 (Emptiness) The Emptiness Problem for Regular Languages is decidable.
Proof: We'll sketch three different algorithms for deciding the Emptiness Problem, given some DFA A = (Q,Σ, T, q0, F).
(Emptiness 1) A string w is in L(A) iff it labels a path through the transition graph of A from q0 to an accepting state. Thus, the language will be non-empty iff there is some such path. So the question of Emptiness reduces to the question of connectivity: the language recognized by A is empty iff there is no accepting state in the connected component of its transition graph that is rooted at q0. The problem of determining connected components of directed graphs is algorithmically solvable,by Depth-First Search, for instance (and solvable in time linear in the number of nodes). So, given A, we just do a depth-?rst search of the transition graph rooted at the start state keeping track of whether we encounter any accepting state. We return "True" iff we ?nd none.
In Exercise 9 you showed that the recognition problem and universal recognition problem for SL2 are decidable. We can use the structure of Myhill graphs to show that other problems
Lemma 1 A string w ∈ Σ* is accepted by an LTk automaton iff w is the concatenation of the symbols labeling the edges of a path through the LTk transition graph of A from h?, ∅i to
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While the SL 2 languages include some surprisingly complex languages, the strictly 2-local automata are, nevertheless, quite limited. In a strong sense, they are almost memoryless
What is the arbwnememmsmdbdbfbfjmfksmjejfnfnfnnrndmnfjfjfnrnkrkfjfnfmkrjrbfbbfjfnfjruhrvrjkgktithhrbenfkiffnbr ki rnrjjdjrnrk bd n FBC..jcb?????????????????????????????????????????
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S-->AAA|B A-->aA|B B-->epsilon
build a TM that enumerate even set of even length string over a
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