Question :

(a) Distinguish between authorization and authentication.

(b) SSO (Single Sign On) implies a user logs in once and can access resources for a defined period of time without having to provide username and password again. Describe how Kerberos provides Single Sign On.

(c) What type of cipher relies upon changing the location of characters within a message to achieve confidentiality?

(d) Give two examples of modern block cipher other than DES.

(e) SNMP is a protocol for managing networks. For each message, a secure digest is formed from a shared secret and the message. What security functions does this digest provide?

(f) Provide example of a digital certificate format that is commonly used.