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Cipher MethodsThere are 2 methods of encrypting plaintext:• Bit stream method – every bit in the plaintext bit is transformed into a cipher bit one bit at a time.• Block cipher method – the message is divided into blocks (for example sets of 8-, 16- or32-bit blocks) and then each block of plaintext is transformed into an encrypted block of cipher bits by using an algorithm and a key.Bit stream method which is uses algorithm functions like XOR, while block cipher method can use substitution, transposition, XOR, etc.Substitution cipherSubstitution cipher substitutes one value for the other value. The following are the different types of substitution:• Monoalphabetic substitution – It uses one alphabet to substitute. Simple method but powerful if combines with other operations.• Polyalphabetic substitution – It is more advanced method which uses two or more alphabets.• Vigenère cipher – It is an advanced type of cipher which uses simple polyalphabetic code that is made up of 26 distinct cipher alphabets.Transposition cipherTransposition cipher rearranges values within the block to create ciphertext.Exclusive OR (XOR)It is a function of Boolean algebra where the two bits are compared to each other• If the two bits are identical, result is 0• If the two bits not identical, result is 1Vernam cipherThis is developed at AT&T that uses set of characters once per encryption process.Book (or Running Key) cipherThis method uses text in book as key to decrypt a message where ciphertext contains codes which represents page, line and word numbersHash FunctionsHash functions are mathematical algorithms that generate message summary or digest to confirm message identity and confirm no content has changed. Hash algorithms are publicly known functions that create hash value. Use of keys is not needed, but message authentication code (MAC) may be attached to a message. This method is mostly used in password verification systems to confirm identity of user.
implementing password policy in organisation
Host-Based IDS A host-based IDS (HIDS) resides on a particular computer or server and monitors activity only on that system. HIDS also called as system integrity verifiers as th
Question: (a) Explain how the Diffie-Hellman key establishment protocol works. (b) Prove that the Diffie-Hellman key establishment protocol is vulnerable to a `man in the mi
Get a copy of Metasploitable at Make">http://sourceforge.net/projects/metasploitable/files/Metasploitable2/ Make sure to follow these directions very carefully. You will get po
(a) Using the extended Euclidean algorithm, find the multiplicative inverse of 504 mod 67. (b) Decrypt the following ciphertext, which has been encrypted using Caesar cipher:
QUESTION (a) Consider the following digital bit stream 01001100 is to be encoded in: i. NRZ-I ii. Pseudoternary iii. Manchester iv. Differential Manchester Show th
doing coursework in Network Security to present a possible solution to the problem at hand by creating a prototype of the new network security infrastructure. This new design shou
Border Gateway Protocol It is a protocol needed to advertise the set of networks that can be achieved within an autonomous machine. BGP activates this information to be shared
QUESTION (a) Describe the role of DNS root servers in the Internet network. (b) What do you understand by the handover concept in a mobile network? (c) List five meth
Question: (a) Describe fully with example the two access control methods available to implement database security. (b) Discuss why database statistics (meta data) provide es
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