Which of the following statements about construction earthwork are true:

I.  The volume of earth known in its natural state is known as bank-measure; in-situ; in-place; virgin soil. 

II. The volume during transport is known as loose-measure; fluffed; swell; bulk.  

III. The volume after compaction is known as compacted-measure.

IV. The change in volume of earth from its natural to loose state is known as swell.  Swell is expressed as a percentage of the natural volume.

V.  The decrease in volume from its natural state to its compacted state is known as shrinkage.  Shrinkage is expressed as percent increase from the natural state.

Solution:Item V - "Shrinkage is expressed as percent decrease from the natural state".