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The vascular tone increases as the arterial size decreases. The tone at any time reflects the effects of excitory and inhibitory pathways. Neurotransmitters, physical forces like shear stress, intravascular pressure, metabolites and milleu of the surrounding tissue can all affect the vascular tone. Arterial segments where the endothelium is absent can also respond to stretch-the so-called intrinsic myogenic tone. The endothelium is an important modulator of tone. It can produce, release, activate many vasoactive factors like NO (nitric oxide), prostacyclin and thromboxane. Cholinergic stimulation releases an Endothelium derived relaxation factor (EDRF) shown to be NO. Endothelial denudation abolishes the vasodilatory effect of acetylcholine.
There are chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies which sense a rise in PCO2 (hypercapnia) and fall in O2 saturation (hypoxia) and changes in pH. Appropriate stimuli are sent to the medullary centers. Vasomotor control is also exercised by higher centres in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus which send impulses to the medullary centres. Local tissue mechanisms also affect local vasoconstriction and vasodilatation.
C o ngestive heart failure (CHF) The heart is unable to maintain circulatory equilibrium at rest and congestion of venous circuit takes place followed by dilatation of vessel
main external morphological feature that differentiates platyhelminthes from nematodes
Width of the Periimplant keratinized Mucosa Clinical and experimental studies have failed to support the concept of an "adequate width" of keratinized tissue adjacent to natura
Problem 1: Briefly describe the different types of parenteral routes of drug administration. Definition of parenteral routes of administration. Show different types of
Q. What are the so-called "good" and "bad" cholesterol? Lipoproteins are complexes made of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) and proteins. The lipoproteins present differe
Explain the Faecal Coliforms - Microbiological Study of Water? The faecal coliforms include a wide range of bacteria, many of which are not primarily the intestinal bacteria. T
What are the Benefits of Life Style Modification Life style modification helps in : - reduction of weight. - good sugar control. - good blood pressure control. - re
Telenursing Telenursing refers to the exchange of expertise in various areas like nursing diagnosis data over a distance. It is divided into the following categories: a)
Reproduction and Life Cycles – Protozoan Asexual reproduction occurs in all protozoan through fission, budding and cyst formation. In this method the organism reproduces to fo
what is biology
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