Human respiratory system - larynx, Biology

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LARYNX -

Study of larynx is known as Laryngeology. In man it is more prominent than woman known as Adam's apple.
It is sound producing organ. At its base trachea present. It is modification of trachea.
It is situated at 4th, 5th, 6th position of cervical vertebrae. Glottis opens into it.
Glottis is covered by epiglottis, it allows only air, not food to enter into it.

Wall of larynx is supported by four cartilages.
A broad C-shaped thyroid cartilage supports in the front and sides.
A pair of small triangular aretenoid strengthen its back wall.
Each aretenoid bears a node at its upper end i.e., cartilage of santorini.
A ring like cricoid cartilage present at base.
A thyroid membrane extends between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage.
Inside the larynx are 2 pairs of vocal cord, made up of stratified squamous epithelium.
Upper pair is small and false. Lower pair is large and true.
In male 2-3 cms long, in female 1.7 cm long.
For the production of sound, the vocal cords are brought parallel and closer to each other by the action of laryngeal muscles.
Now a current of air is passed through them under pressure from the lungs.
This sets the vocal cords into vibration. Which results in the production of sound.
Buccal cavity, soft palate and tongue assist in speech.

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