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Describe queries with complex types?
The present extension of the SQL query language deal with the complex type
Let us start with the simple example:
Find the title and the name of the publisher of each book this query carries out the task:
Select title, publisher.name
From books
path expression
The reference are dereference in 1999 by the -> simple
Select head-> name, head->address
From dept
An expression such as" head->name" is called the path expression.
Collection valued attributes
Nesting and unnesting
The transformation of the nested relation in to a form with fewer (or no) the relation -valued attribute value is known as unnesting
The reverse process of transformation a INF relation into a nested relation is known as nesting.
Define Physical and Logical independence Ans: Physical data independence: The ability to modify physical level without causing application program to be rewritten. Logic
Question : (a) Differentiate between database integrity and database security (b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. D
Draw an ER diagram that shows the organization of a simple student database. The database captures the information about letter grades obtained by university students who enrolled
external and internal mapping with examples
Record based Logical Models: Use records as the key data representation components Examples: Relational Model: It shows data as well as relationship between data in the form
What are the two main goals of parallelism? Load -balance multiple small accesses, so that the throughput of such accesses enhances. Parallelize large accesses so that the res
what is Lossless-join decomposition
Consider student (std_id, std_name, date_of_birth, phone, dept_name). Put the data for a student with student id200, name arun, birth date 1 February, 1985, phone number (01110 328
What are shortcomings in structured approach? Structured methodology treats data and their behaviours separately, and this makes it harder to isolate changes. If changes are re
Differentiate between B-tree and B + tree Ans: A B-tree (or Balanced Tree) is a search tree along with additional constraints that makes sure that the tree is all the time
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