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Give the general form of SQL query?
Select A1, A2............., An
From R1, R2..............., Rm
Where P
Define and differentiate between ordered indexing and hashing. Ans: Ordered indexing: To gain fast random access to records in a file, we can make of an index structure. Every
Define average seek time. The average seek time is the average of the seek times, calculated over a sequence of random requests.
Physical Records These are the records that are stored in the secondary storage devices. For the database relation, physical records are the group of fields kept in adjacent me
Primary index A primary index is a file that has a sorted series of records having two columns: a block address for that key field in the data file; and the ordering key field.
Objectives After Reading this part, you should be able to: Explain the term CONCURRENCY; Describe the term transaction and concurrent transactions; Talk about co
What Is Recovery? During the life of a transaction, i.e., a after the start of a transaction but before the transaction commits, various changes may be made in a database state
External failure : A failure can also result because of an external cause, such as earthquakes, fire, floods, etc. The database must be duly backed up to avoid troubles occurring d
Advantages And Drawbacks Of Ddbms There are various reasons for building distributed database systems, with sharing of data, reliability and availability, and speedup of query
Explain the two types of participation constraint. Total: The participation of an entity set E in a relationship set R is said to be total if each entity in E participates i
Some disadvantages of File Oriented System ?
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