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Describe logical data independence ?
Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual schema might be changed to expand the database (through adding a record type or data item), to change constraints, or to decrease the database (by removing a record type or data item). Only the view definition and the mappings required are changed in a DBMS that supports logical data independence. Changes to constraints could be applied to the conceptual schema without moving the external schemas or application programs.
Consider the relation PERSON. If you want to display details of persons having age less than or equal to 30 than the select operation will be used as follows: σ AGE The resu
Describe the various types of Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools and briefly discuss how the support common analytical operations.
normal forms
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What are the two integrity rules? Ans: The two integrity rules are: Entity Integrity Rule & Referential Integrity Rule. Entity Integrity Rule - If the attribute A of rel
folding method and mid square method using visual basic
Need for Multiple Access Paths In practice, most of the online information systems need the support of multi-key files. For example, consider a banking database application hav
What are the DBMS languages? Explain. Ans: a) Data Definition Languages (DDL): It is employed to specify database schema for example CREATE DROP statements etc. b) Dat
what is attribute is attribute inheritance in dbms?
Define Partial Key and Primary Key A partial key, also known as discriminator, is the set of attributes which can uniquely identify weak entities that are related to similar o
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