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Describe logical data independence ?
Logical Data Independence - It is the capacity to modify the conceptual schema without having to change external schemas or application programs. The conceptual schema might be changed to expand the database (through adding a record type or data item), to change constraints, or to decrease the database (by removing a record type or data item). Only the view definition and the mappings required are changed in a DBMS that supports logical data independence. Changes to constraints could be applied to the conceptual schema without moving the external schemas or application programs.
Explain Composite attribute in SQL ? Composite attribute: A composite attribute has many components, each of that is atomic or composite.
Equi Join: A join in which the joining condition is based on equality among values in the common columns. Common columns show (redundantly) in the result table. Let us Consider th
Define Hash files organization a. Hashing includes computing the address of a data item by calculating a function on the search key value. b. A hash function h is a functi
Problem: (a) Briefly explain the ‘Hierarchical Database Model' using appropriate diagram. (b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach comp
Accessing information about permissions to all users- Object level permissions: With the use of data dictionary you can see the permissions to user. Let us get the table name fro
Types of data independence Data independence can be classified into the following two types: Physical Data Independence: This means that for any change made in the physi
What is storage manager? A storage manager is a program module that gives the interface among the low level data keeps in a database and the application programs and queries su
explain cascading rollback
Show, with the help of an example, that relatively high-level transitions result when system or program is stimulated by the outside events. In diagram below, we can observe i
1.Suppose you are given a dataset that consists of a random sample of tasters, on which the following variables were obtained: (y) Zpref = taste preference for green beans store
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