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Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema.
Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abstraction describing how the data are actually kept.
Logical schema: The logical schema explains the database design at the logical level, which explains what data are kept in the database and what relationship exists between the data.
What is persistency? Persistency ensures which data is stored and that after the object is no longer available (program stops running) the data will be available to other users
Explain the Deferred Update The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transaction reaches its commit point; after that the updates
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
Data Fragmentation "Fragmentation includes decomposing the data in relation to non-overlapping component relations". Why do we require fragmenting a relation?
Explain data independence ? Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level.
We require an advanced system for a Sports Centre, you are concerned only with representing the data discussed below about bookings and members. (The complete system may contain ot
exercise solution
What are referential integrity constraints? A value that appears in single relation for a given set of attributes also appears for a particular set of attributes in another rel
What is DataWarehousing? Subject-oriented, meaning that the data in the database is organized so that all the data elements relating to the similar real-world event or object
Question 1: (a) Planning and management of ICT projects have a very poor record in developing countries. Briefly explain five critical success factors for correct implementa
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