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Describe integrity and security?
a) Domain constraint
b) Referential integrity
A value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appear for a particular set of attributes in another relation. This condition is known as referential integrity.
a) Referential integrity and E-R models
b) Database modification
c) Referential integrity in SQL
Define garbage collection. Garbage may be formed also as a side effect of crashes. Periodically, it is essential to find all the garbage pages and to add them to the list of fr
What is persistency? Persistency ensures which data is stored and that after the object is no longer available (program stops running) the data will be available to other users
Explain DML with some examples? DML - Data Manipulation Language: statements used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples: • SELECT - retrieve data from the a da
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
1. Based on the dependency diagram, create a database whose tables are in at least 2NF, showing the dependency diagram for each table (as shown in class). Label the types of depe
Which file organization provides very fast access to any arbitrary record of a file? Hashed file organization provides very fast access to any arbitrary record of a file.
Explain the ANSI SPARC architecture The three-schema architecture is as well known as ANSI SPARC architecture. The aim of the three-schema architecture is to separate the user
An object-oriented design process 1. Define the context and modes 2. Designs the system architecture 3. Identifies the principal system objects 4. Identifies concurrency in
a) Suppose we updated the catalog tables in real time, that is, after every update, insert, or delete SQL statement were executed-rather than only running RUNSTATS once every few
Multilevel Indexing Scheme Consider the indexing scheme where the address of the block is consider in the index for each record, for a little file, this index would be little a
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