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Update Anomaly: This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014 would need that all tuples having MCS-014 enrolment information be updated. If for some reason, all tuples are not updated, we may have a database that gives 2 names of instructor for the subject MCS-014 which is inconsistent information. This problem is known as update anomaly. An update anomaly results in data inconsistency.
Boyce-Code Normal Form (BCNF) A relationship is said to be in BCNF if it is already in 3NF and the left hand side of each dependency is a candidate key. A relation who is in 3N
Forward Recovery (Redo): In this system the committed changes made by a transaction are reapplied to a previous copy of the database. In simpler
How to create a table from existing table? Create table as e.g, To create a new table ‘N_emp' with employee names and their identification numbers only from employee ta
coventions for displaying an ER schema as ER diagram
Using SQL create a view RS for the relations R and S. The view consists of the columns A and D renamed as X and Y in that order. Insert a tuple into it. Show the contents of t
The following variant of the primary copy asynchronous-update replication protocol has been proposed for totally replicated systems. (a) A transaction executing at site A updat
Question: a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment. b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC t
Write the syntax of creating an INDEX ? Syntax of Creating an Index: CREATE [BITMAP] [UNIQUE] INDEX ON ( [, ] . . .);
What is known as a search key? An attribute or set of attributes used to look up records in a file is known as a search key.
What are the several kinds of the update operations on relations? Also explain the constraints on these update operation. Give instance in support of your answer. There are th
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