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Update Anomaly: This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014 would need that all tuples having MCS-014 enrolment information be updated. If for some reason, all tuples are not updated, we may have a database that gives 2 names of instructor for the subject MCS-014 which is inconsistent information. This problem is known as update anomaly. An update anomaly results in data inconsistency.
Q. Explain data aggregatio n and discuss different design constraints. Sol. Aggregation One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships amon
Q. Describe how an ER schema can be represented by relation schemas and constraints arising from ER design can be mapped to constraints on a relation schema. The entity rela
The primary key is selected from the
Question : (a) Explain with the help of appropriate examples the difference between ‘Data' and ‘Information'. (b) A digital image is an array of pixels, where each pixel h
What is it ?
What are the states of transaction? The states of transaction are:- a) Active b) Partially committed c) Failed d) Aborted e )Committed f) Terminated
What is ODBC ? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity which is also denoted by ODBC enable the integration of SQL along with a common-purpose programming language. ODBC expose data
It defines that the tuple in one relation that refers to another relation must refer to an existing tuple in that relation. This constraint is states on two relations (not essentia
(a) Differentiate between information and data . (b) List and briefly explain five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventional file systems. (c) Diff
explain participation constraints with examples
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