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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
(a) Data warehouse can be defined as "a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, non-volatile collection of data" in support of management's decision making process. Explain ea
(A) For the relation; CarSales (RegNo, BuyerName, Address, SalesPerson, Make, Model, Commission) The following functional dependences hold, RegNo _ID à Make, Model Reg
What are the reasons for having variable length records? What are the various ways to store variable length records? Variable-length records arise in a database in various wa
Question 1: (a) Planning and management of ICT projects have a very poor record in developing countries. Briefly explain five critical success factors for correct implementa
Using Literal Character String Example: To print IS A as one string with column name employee SELECT ENAME || ' IS A ' || JOB AS "EMPLOYEE" FROM EMP;
What is the use of rename operation? Rename operation is used to rename both relations and an attributes. It uses the as clause, taking the form: Old-name as new-name.
Suppose that in an organisation, an employee may do different roles in dissimilar projects. Say, RAM is doing coding in one project and doing designing in another. Suppose that the
To delete a particular column in a relation which command is used ? To delete a particular column in a relation ALTER command is used.
What subschema expresses ? A subschema expresses the external view. (External schemas are called also called as subschemas)
Retrieve the S&S In-Chapter Database (in Microsoft Access format) from the text's Web site (or create the tables in Table 4-5 in a relational DBMS product). Write queries to answer
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