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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each. Ans: Completeness Constraints
There are many simple and complex approaches to implement. These reports are based on some views or certain query. The following number of reports can be built. 1. The averag
1. Which model is used to store data in tree structures Ans: Hierarchical model is used to store data in tree structures
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
Replication : It is definite as a copy of a relation. Every replica is stored at a dissimilar site. The alternative to replication is to store only single copy of a relation which
Distributed Control and Data sharing: The geographical distribution of an organization can be showed in the distribution of the data; if a number of different sites are linked to e
Explain Object oriented Model ? Object Oriented Model - This model is based on the object-oriented programming language paradigm. It involves the features of OOP such as inhe
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?. Predicates in the WHERE clause applies to every tuple while the predicate in the HAVING clause applies to groups.
Consider an information system designed for an online company which provides IT products and services. These include desktops, laptops, networking products, IT books, parts, and te
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