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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
ALTER TABLE Command : This command is used for variation of existing structure of the table in the given situation: When a new column is to be added to the table structure.
Determine the advantage of object-orientation Finally, object-orientation has advantage of continuity throughout analysis, persistent representation and design implementation.
what is primary key
Define object-relational systems? Systems that give object-oriented extensions to relational systems are known as object-relational systems.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provides retail data for different groups and different states as well as the aggregate numbers. Table 11 " Retail Turnover, State by Industry
The issues relating to the Design of the Physical Database Files Physical File is a file as stored on the disk. The major issues relating to physical files are: • Cons
Explain degree of relation? Degree of a Relation - The degree or arity of a relation is the number of attributes n of its relation schema.
Explain hash file organization? Hash functions a) The distribution is uniform Hash functions assign each bucket the similar number of search -key values from the set of a
Give the limitations of SQL authorization. The code for checking authorization becomes intermixed with the rest of the application code. Implementing authorization by applic
Determine the OBJECTIVES of object design After passing through this unit, you should be able to: describe and apply concept of generalisation; understand and appl
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