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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Candidate Key: In a relation R, a candidate key for R is a subset of the set of attributes of R, which have the differnt two properties: (1) Uniqueness: N
Ask questioYou are the database administrator in a university. You have been tasked to come up with a new database for the University. Using the stages in Database Life Cycle come
(a) Data Mining Process : In the context of this cluster analysis project , and in your own words , explain how you would execute the first stage of data mining, namely the "P
Update or Modify operation alters the existing values. If these operations alter the value that is the foreign key also, the only check need is the similar as that of the Insert op
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
Using SQL create a view RS for the relations R and S. The view consists of the columns A and D renamed as X and Y in that order. Insert a tuple into it. Show the contents of t
PART MARKING: For this section, we will use part marking. This means we will supply model answers to all questions but we will only mark six questions. We will choose these randoml
What is difference between primary index and secondary index? Primary Index a) It is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length along with two fields. b) Only base
non numeric literals
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