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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
You are required to implement integrity constraints within the database to enforce the following requirements: For Projects: Start date must be supplied. Start date cannot be i
Client Server Databases- The concept behind the Client/Server systems is simultaneous, cooperative processing. It is an approach that presents a one systems view from a user's vie
What is SQL Profiler? SQL Profiler is a graphical tool that permits system administrators to monitor events in an instance of Microsoft SQL Server. You can capture and save dat
Differance between internal and external schema? Internal and external schema: Internal Schema • Describes the physical storage structure • Uses a physical data model External
Define query optimization. Query optimization refers to the process of search the lowest -cost method of evaluating a given query.
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Submit the SQL Statements necessary to create your database according to the following guidelines: Your SQL statements should exactly mirror your ERD. All primary keys,
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With the help of an example display how records can be deleted and updated in QBE. (i) Increase Pay_Rate of employees along with the skill of ‘cook' by 10%. (ii) Delete employee
What are the benefits of prepared statements and place holders? Parameter binding operations automatically handle escaping of characters Encourage Statement reuse
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