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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
why shadow copy technique is used?
We want have a website; we need to test the security of our website. You need to: -Try to bypass our security by simulate a website hacking -Try some hack Techniques like
Consider employee table of (i) and list names of department(s) for which average salary for department is more than 10,000. (SELECT d_name FROM dept WHERE d_code IN (SELECT d_c
E-R Model This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects named entities and of relationship among these objects. Entities are illustrated in a database
Nested Queries Let us see some more complex queries in this section. Sub-queries: Some of the basic concerns of sub-queries are: A sub-query is a SELECT statemen
Consider a typical sales invoice that would include the following information. Design a single table to hold all of the information required to store an invoice including this info
A basic model of Database Access Control Models of database access control have grown out of previous work on protection in operating systems. Let us talk about one simple mode
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
Explain the Weak Entity Set An Entity set which does not have sufficient attribute to make a primay key is known as weak entity set. For instance, dependents of an employee in
What is the archtetype/instance pattern? The archetype/instance pattern happens when one entity tracks occurrences of another entity. A common example is the relationship among
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