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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
CREATE TABLE prodtrans ( pno number (4) ptype char (1) CHECK (ptype in ('I','R','S')), qty number (5) FOREIGN KEY pno REFERENCES product (pno) ON DELETE CASCADE);
Differentiate OO development from structured development. Structured approach of problem solving is based upon the idea of decomposition of system into subsystem. In this appro
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Describe the shadow paging technique.
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Write the motivations led to development of OO-DBMS? 1. Programmer frustration with RDBMSs. 2. Requirement for special features.
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