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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Data independence seems that "the application is independent of the access strategy and storage structure of data". In other words, the ability to change the schema definition in o
Define the Canonical cover Ans: A canonical cover F c for F is a set of dependencies like F logically implies all dependencies in F c , and F c logically entails all dependen
What are the various symbols used to draw an E-R diagram (any 3)?
How are tables stored on Disk? We realise that every record of a table can have different amounts of data. This is due to in some records; some attribute values may be "zero".
10A.53 Code an Oracle Database trigger to enforce the constraint that an employee can never change his or her department. 10A.54 Code an Oracle Database trigger to allow the delet
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For Colorado customers calculate the number of single products ordered. If a product is purchased on multiple orders, it should be counted only single time. The result should conta
Extend your CREATE TABLE statement from problem 3 with referential integrity constraints. Updates and deletes on related rows are restricted. 6. From examination of the sample data
Association as a cache This association must be updated when any new element is added to it, but testing for overlap using association is more efficient. Figure:
Explain ODBC? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC) enable the integration of SQL along with a general-reasons programming language.
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