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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Determine the rule that a value of a foreign key should appear as a value of some particular table is called a Ans: Referential constraint. The rule that a value of a fo
Many-to-many : Entities in A and B are related with any number of entities from each other. Example: Taught_by Relationship among course and faculty. One faculty member ca
Question 1: a) What is the difference between a non-impact and impact printer? b) Which type of printer is generally used in a supermarket to print your receipt? Describe
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
Define the Query optimisation The query parser commonly generates a standard initial tree to correspond to an SQL query, with no doing any optimization. Such type of a canonica
Replication : It is definite as a copy of a relation. Every replica is stored at a dissimilar site. The alternative to replication is to store only single copy of a relation which
Control as a State Machine Engine First let us define the state machine: "the state machine is a machine which is an object but not an application object. It is a part of lang
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Advantages And Drawbacks Of Ddbms There are various reasons for building distributed database systems, with sharing of data, reliability and availability, and speedup of query
Give detail description on Transactions. - Using transactions we can group all SQL commands into a single unit. - Transaction begins with some task and finishes only when a
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