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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is storage manager? A storage manager is a program module that gives the interface among the low level data keeps in a database and the application programs and queries su
The Update Operations : Update operations are used for altering database values. The constraint violations faced by this operation are logically the similar as the problem faced
Construct an ER diagram for a hospital along with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors Associate with every patient a log of the several tests and examinations conducted.
external and internal mapping with examples
What are the three data anomalies that are similarly to take place as a result of data redundancy? Can data redundancy be completely eliminated in database approach? Why or why n
Heap files (unordered file) Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have
Define hot swapping? Hot swapping permits the removal of faulty disks and changes it by new ones without turning power off. Hot swapping decreases the mean time to repair.
data models are being replaced over years. Reasons and why does that happen?
Consider a database schema consisting of four relations, whose schemas are: Product (maker, model, type) PC (model, speed, ram, hd, price) Laptop (model, speed, ram, hd, s
Illustrate how you can use QBE to perform logical AND and OR operation
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