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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Explain trivial dependency? Functional dependency of the form α ->β. is trivial if α C β. Trivial functional dependencies are satisfied by all the relations.
Deletion Anomalies: Loss of important Information: In some cases, useful information may be lost when a tuple is deleted. For instance, if we delete the tuple corresponding to stu
Compare wait-die deadlock prevention scheme with wait-wound scheme Ans: Wait-Die Scheme a) Based upon a nonpreemptive technique. b) If Pi requests a resource present
Explain the systems development life cycle. This is the traditional method to develop, maintain, and replace information systems that contains the project identification and se
Example -Find the employee name, salary, department number and average salary of his/her department, for those employees whose salary is more than the average salary of that depart
Defining Internal Classes and Operations When we enlarge algorithms, new classes can be added to the store intermediate results. A complex operation could be looked at, as a c
What are the advantages of DBMS ? 1. Centralized Management and Control - One of the major advantages of using a database system is in which the organization could exert, thr
Explain Foreign Key? Foreign Key - Let there are two relations (tables) R and S. Any candidate key of the relation R that is referred within the relation S is known as the fo
Although how will the system recover The selection of REDO or UNDO for a transaction for the recovery is completed on the basis of the state of the transactions. This state is
Consider the subsequent relations RENTER(rno, fname, lname, address, tel_no, pref_type, max_rent) VIEWING(rno, pno, date, comment) PROPERTY_FOR_RENT( pno, street, area ,city,
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