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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Example : Create a sequence named SEQSS that starts at 105, has a step of 1 and can take maximum value as 2000. CREATE SEQUENCE SEQSS START WITH 105 INCREMENT BY 1 MAX VA
What is theta join explain? Theta Join - The theta join operation is an extension to the natural-join operation which permits us to merge selection and a Cartesian
Problem Explain at least five relational algebraic operators with a suitable example. Note: All the above descriptions should be done by taking at least two examples from ou
PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE 1. State the following terms: a) Database b) Database Management System c) Entity d) Attribute e) Relationship 2. Discuss the Three Level Architecture
Consider the following relational scheme: R (a,b,c,d,e,f) and its corresponding set of FDs {d→ a, be → c, ac → e, b → f, f → d, a → c}. a. Is the following decomposition i) non
Normalize the following tables upto and including the 3NF. Submit a 1 page printout of only the final set of normalized tables in Data Architect. Just use Data Architect to do the
Relational and E-R Model There are three types of constraints on relational database that have: DOMAIN CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
Single Valued Normalisation Codd in the year 1972 formed three normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). These were based on functional dependencies between the attributes of a relati
deffine class&object
Isolation or Independence : The isolation property shows that the updates of a transaction should not be visible till they are committed. Isolation assurance that the progresses of
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