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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Example -GRANT CREATE SESSION TO MCA12; (This command gives system level permission on creating a session - not portable) GRANT SELECT ON EMP TO MCA12; (Object level permi
Drawbacks of Database systems ?
It is not possible to make an ABAP/4 program, which having only Subroutines. False. We can make ABAP/4 program, which having only Subroutines.
Consider the 1ollowin8 relation: CAR SALE (Car_id, Option_type, Option_listprice, Sale_date, Option_discountedprice) This relation refers to options installed in cars (e.g., crui
System R was developed and designed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Company. Its purpose was to illustrate that it is possible to create a Relational System tha
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
What is the disadvantage of a call by reference? During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to alters to th
What is a Built-in A notation of identity is built-into the data model or programming language and no user-supplied identifier is needed. This form of identity is used in objec
What is primary Key Explain? Primary Key - Primary key is one of the candidate keys. It should be selected such in which its attribute values are never, or very rarely, chang
Client Server Databases- The concept behind the Client/Server systems is simultaneous, cooperative processing. It is an approach that presents a one systems view from a user's vie
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