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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Explain the three data models namely relational, network and hierarchical and evaluate their relative advantages and disadvantages. Hierarchical Model: In hierarchical model, da
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
what problems are raised by the database? why is it so controversial? why is data quality an issue?
Write a short note on built in function in QBE? Built in function in QBE: QBE involves various built in functions like AVG, MAX,MIN,SUM and CNT. We must prefix these operator
Explain the conventions for displaying an ER schema as an ER diagram? An E-R Diagram scheme might describe certain constraints to that the contents of a database must conform.
Name the metrics for selecting top algorithm There are a number of metrics for selecting top algorithm: i) Computational complexity: Computational complexity refers to eff
Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed? Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.
Guidelines for creation of table: Table name should begin with an alphabet. In table name, single quotes and blank spaces are not allowed. Reserve words of that DBM
how to data store?
give some example real life situation where DBMS are most suitable
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