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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
List the types of authorization. A) Read authorization B) Write authorization C) Update authorization D) Drop authorization
milestone assignment
One-to-one relationship: For every 1:1 relationship type R in the ER diagram including two entities E1 and E2 we take one of entities (say E1) preferably with total participatio
What is Object Oriented model? This model is based on collection of objects. An object has values stored in instance variables with in the object. An object also having bodies
The Concurrent Transactions Almost every commercial DBMS support multi-user environment. Therefore, allowing multiple transactions to proceed concurrently. The DBMS must make
What is a view? How it is related to data independence? A view might be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is inste
Secondary Indexes Let consider the student database and its clustering index and primary (only one will be applicable at a time). Now consider the state when the database is to
Explain the EXEC statement in SQL Ans: All statements which start with EXEC SQL are embedded SQL database statements. High level languages such as C can be employed to write a
#explain five disadvantages of a dbms..
Define the terms i) Entity set ii) Relationship set Entity set: The set of all entities of the similar type is termed as an entity set. Relationship set: The set of all rela
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