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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Explain how the object classes are mapped to tables. Each object class maps to one or more than one tables in the database. The objects in the class may be partitioned horizont
Describe in brief about DBMS ?
What are the technique to define a schema completely ? A schema is completely define by DDL and DML query language.
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
Ask q“A database will be made to store information about patients in a hospital. On arrival, each patient’s personal details (name, address, and telephone number) are recorded wher
List any two disadvantages of a database system ? The disadvantages of database system are: • Database systems are difficult, complex, and time-consuming to design. • Substanti
What are the various properties of Relational tables? Relational tables have 6 properties: 1. Each row is unique. 2. Column values are of the same kind. 3. Values are
Describe the four main ways of optimising disk block access. Ans: a. Disk b. Non-volatile writes buffers c. File organization (Clustering) d. Log-based file system
Advantages of Database management system Let us summarize the advantages. Reduction of Redundancy: This is perhaps the most important advantage of using DBMS. Redundancy i
Mention the type of constraints we can specify in the CREATE command of DDL. The type of constraints that can be specified are as follows:- PRIMARY KEY, NOT NULL, UNIQUE, FOR
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