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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is meant by Physical blocks? The input and output operations are completed in block units. The blocks residing on the disk are referred to as physical blocks.
Define the Division Operation of Relational Algebra Let R be a relation comprising attributes (A1,...Ap,Ap+1,...An) and S comprising attributes (Ap+1,...An) DEF: Division
Describe the difference between a one-to-many and a many-to-many relationship. Which logical data structures comprise one-to-many and which comprise many-to-many relationship?
give some example real-life situations where DBMS are most suiitabe
What is the use of with clause in SQL? The with clause gives a way of defining a temporary view whose explanation is available only to the query in which the with clause occurs
Write short notes on relational constraints? Relational Constraints are: 1. NOT NULL 2. Unique 3. Primary key 4. Foreign key 5. Table check
What are the reasons for having variable length records? What are the various ways to store variable length records? Variable-length records arise in a database in various wa
The Update Operations : Update operations are used for altering database values. The constraint violations faced by this operation are logically the similar as the problem faced
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
Authorisation Authorisation is the culmination of the administrative policies of the organisation. As the name shows, authorisation is a set of rules that can be used to verif
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