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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
Copy Data from One Database to another Database Project Description: I am having two MySQL databases with same tables. I just need to copy one Data from one to another dat
What is a security? Securities are claims on financial assets. They can be illustrated as "claim checks" which give their owners the right to receive funds in the future. Sec
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
What is a state chart diagram? State diagrams (State Chart Diagram) explain all possible states that a particular object can get into, and how object's state changes as result
Using SQL create a view RS for the relations R and S. The view consists of the columns A and D renamed as X and Y in that order. Insert a tuple into it. Show the contents of t
Explain the steps for reduction of E-R model into relational model. Ans:(a) Entity set in E-R model will be considered as table name in relational Model. (b) Attributes of e
Explain the ISA relationship Answer: ISA relationship - ISA notation is employed in generalization/ specialization to depict relationship among lower and higer level entity s
What is the difference among a database schema and a database state? The collection of information stored in database at particular moment in time is known as database state a
What is the main difference between read-only and update methods? A read-only method does not affect the values of a variable in an object, whereas an update method may alter t
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