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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Question : Mr. Smith Harry has a car manufacturing company which has recently integrated management information system. He wishes to obtain more information on ethics and socia
How does Tuple-oriented relational calculus vary from domain-oriented relational calculus? The tuple-oriented calculus uses a tuple variables i.e., variable whose only allowed
Give two profit of Reuse of Code. Reusing the implementation . Place existing class directly inside a new class. The new class can be made up of any number and type of the oth
Increased overheads on update : On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the rel
Consider the two relations given below Given that A is the primary key of R, D is the primary key of S and there is a referential integrity among S.A and R.A, discuss all
What is meant by log-based recovery? The most widely used structures for recording database changes is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update a
What is object identity? An object retains its identity even if some or all the values of variables or explanations of methods change overtime.
Event Occurrence of a process is called event. In other words, the object can receive many input instructions. The changes which occur due to these instructions are known as e
Define reference file
What is a primary index? A primary index is an index whose search key also explains the sequential order of the file.
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