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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Explain how the associations are implemented as classes. A general approach in this case is to transform an association class into a simple class linked to two original classes
what factors might influence a company to outsource its IT infrascture.
Describe the functions and features of foreign key? Foreign Key : The primary key of one file or table that is implanted in another file or table to implement the relationships
Insertion Anomaly: Inability to show certain information-The primary key of the over relation be (enrolment number, Cno). Any new tuple to be inserted in the relation should have
a) Distinguish between ‘database' and ‘Database Management Systems (DBMS)'. b) List and briefly describe five potential benefits of the database approach compared to conventio
Explain ODBC? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC) enable the integration of SQL along with a general-reasons programming language.
1. Staff (staffID --> availabilityID) 2. Services (servicesID --> itemBasedID --> timedBasedID) 3. TimedBased (timedbasedID--> priceid) 4. Clients (clientId, serviceId-->
What is Explicit update In explicit update, each derived attribute is defined with respect to one, or more fundamental base object(s). The object designer determines that de
Creating views with Read only option : In the view definition this option is used to make sure that no DML operations can be done on the view.
Describe a technique for direct search? Explain how data is stored within a file so which direct searching can be performed. For a file of unordered fixed length records by u
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