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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Write short notes on Schema diagram. A database schema along with primary key and foreign key dependencies can be depicted pictorially by schema diagram. Every relation appears
Timestamp Ordering Protocol A timestamp is a tag that can be attached to any transaction or any data item, which indicates a specific time on which the transaction or data item
CREATE YOUR DATABASE TABLES Your database project must have a minimum of four tables. Include the SQL scripts used to create the tables in your documentation. Explain the tables
Question 1 Discuss the classification of DBMS based on location of database Question 2 Explain with examples different SQL commands used for creating and deleting relations.
Hierarchical model is also known by? A hierarchical model is also known as a Tree structure.
Define Single Value and Multivalued attribute Single value attribute comprise a single atomic value for an entity and multivalued attribute may have much more than one value f
FDs in Relationships: Enrols Relationship: None as it is many to many Teaches Relationship : Course code → Instructor Instructor → Course code The next question is:
The physical location of a record is determined by which mathematical formula that transforms a file key into a record location? The physical location of a record is determined
WRITE SHORT NOTES ON INDEX STRUCTURE OF FILES? There are two basic parts of indices 1. Ordered indices 2. Hash indices Every technique must be evaluated on the bas
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