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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
State the Design of Associations Before designing associations, it is essential to know the way they are used. For this, analysis of association traversals is required. It is
Define Direct file organization? The direct file organization is employed to enhance the performance in accessing the records than sequential file organization. In direct file
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Given the following set of functional dependencies {cf?bg, g?d, cdg?f, b?de, d?c} defined on R(b,c,d,e,f,g) a.Find a non-redundant cover. b.Find a canonical cover.
How does Oracle act as ODBC and give examples of front end uses with ODBC? ODBC achieve portability at the level of the executable by introducing an extra level of indirection.
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Oracle & Distributed Databases 1. Differentiate between PL/SQL functions and procedures. 2. Draw the diagram of logical structure of oracle database and explain it in brief.
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