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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What are the properties in a relation ? In a relation Ordering of rows is immaterial and No two rows are identical.
Primary Key The primary key is the candidate key that is selected by the database designer as the principal denotes of identifying entities within an entity set. The left candi
What is vertical fragmentation? Vertical fragmentation divides the relation by decomposing the scheme R of relation r.
what is meant semantic query optimization? how does it differ from other query optimization techniques?
Rearrange the Execution Order for Efficiency Rearranging execution order for efficiency means executing such job that requires less execution time. By rearranging the object
What is Thread splitting A thread of control is a path by which a set of state diagrams on that a single object is active at a time. Objects are shared between threads
What is document scanning and imaging? Document scanning and imaging, or digital archiving, is the method of scanning a document into a digital image to archive and retrieve a
In the architecture of a database system which external level used? In the architecture of a database system view external level used.
Explain the Log Based Recovery Method? The system log that is generally written on stable storage consists of the redundant data required to recover from volatile storage failu
Define check point and its impact on data base recovery. Ans: There could be hundreds of transactions handled per minute, in a large on-line database system.
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