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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Define Atom of domain relational calculus An atom has the outline 1 , x 2 , ... , x n > -> r , in which r stands for a relation on n attributes and x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n ar
Data Definition Language It organises the data in the form of columns and rows. But what does the data field column of table accumulate? How do you describe it using SQL? Th
Explain the shadow paging recovery technique. Ans: Shadow paging is a method used to acquire atomic and durable transactions, and provides the capability to manipulate pages i
What is the use of rename operation? Rename operation is used to rename both relations and an attributes. It uses the as clause, taking the form: Old-name as new-name.
What sorts of tables one can se in designing the hierarchy of a LDB? Tables, which are having Foreign Key relations.
Hashed File Organisation Hashing is the most common form of purely random access to a database or file. It is also used to access columns that do not have an index as an optimi
List the table modification commands in SQL? A) Deletion B) Updates C) Insertion D) Update of a view
In object oriented design, which steps must designer take to adjust inheritance? To readjust inheritance following steps should be taken: i) Rearrange and adjust the classe
Q. Explain data aggregatio n and discuss different design constraints. Sol. Aggregation One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships amon
Draw an ER diagram for company''s database schema
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