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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
Control as State within Program 1. The term control exactly means to check effect of input within a program. For illustration, in Figure, after the ATM card is inserted (a
Benefits of heap files 1. This is a easy file Organisation method. 2. Insertion is somehow capable. 3. Good for bulk-loading data into a table. 4. Best if file
Explain Composite attribute in SQL ? Composite attribute: A composite attribute has many components, each of that is atomic or composite.
What is schema
Add generation capabilities and/or tailor the built-in functionality of generator. This enables you to produce "all" the test data for the MySQL tables you produced in the previous
State the functional approach of object oriented methods Moving from a functional approach to an object oriented one needs a translation of functional model elements into objec
Consider a table student (std_id, std_name, date_of_birth, percent_marks, dept_name). Write a QBE query to display names of Computer Science department students who have scored mo
Benefits of Sequential File Organisation It is quick and efficient when dealing with huge volumes of data that require being processed periodically (batch system). Dra
Differentiate OO development from structured development. Structured approach of problem solving is based upon the idea of decomposition of system into subsystem. In this appro
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