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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
Define the term- Actors and Data Stores Actors: An actor is the active object which drives data flow graph by producing or consuming values. Actors are attached to inputs a
What is Cardinality Ratio? Cardinality Ratios - The cardinality ratios for relationship kinds specifies the maximum number of relationship instances in which an entity can pa
" Wound-wait" scheme : It is based on a preemptive method. It is based on a simple rule: If Ti requests a database resource that is held by Tj
Explain the Functional Mode with help of an example. Functional Model The functional model shows a computation and functional derivation of data values in it without ind
Give the limitations of SQL authorization. The code for checking authorization becomes intermixed with the rest of the application code. Implementing authorization by applic
difference between internal schema and external schema in DBMS
a publishing company produce scientific books on various subjects. the books are written by authors who specialize in one particular subject. the company employs editors who, not n
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
What is the use of keyword ISA? The use of keyword ISA is to show that a class is a specialization of another class.
Submission Requirements All answers must be computer generated (including text and diagrams). The hand-in version must include a header page (or with sufficient space)
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