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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is use of generating such tables? How can you create temporary tables? When you require a table only for a short time after that you want it to disappear automatically you
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What is a cascading update? Referential integrity constraints needs that foreign key values in one table correspond to primary key values in another. If the value of the primar
A database administrator''s responsibilities and data contents
Relations create the database. They must satisfy various properties, like no duplicate tuples, no ordering of tuples, and atomic attributes, etc. Relations that satisfy these basic
Explain degree of relation? Degree of a Relation - The degree or arity of a relation is the number of attributes n of its relation schema.
The issues relating to the Design of the Physical Database Files Physical File is a file as stored on the disk. The major issues relating to physical files are: • Cons
write program
Update or Modify operation alters the existing values. If these operations alter the value that is the foreign key also, the only check need is the similar as that of the Insert op
OBJECTIVES After going through this unit you should be capable to: Explain the File Based system and its limitations; Explain the structure of DBMS; Explain the
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