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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
What is called a query evaluation plan? A sequence of primitive operations that can be used to assess a query is a query evaluation plan or a query implementation plan.
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Whenever the LIMIT clause will be used? LIMIT is used for the following kinds of problems: 1) Answering questions about first or last and largest or smallest 2) Splitting
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Analyzing Association Traversal Association Traversal shall be understood properly for the association design explanation. Analyzing association traversal means analyzing tra
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