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Define Timestamp ordering
Ans In timestamp-based method, a serial order is made among the concurrent transaction by assigning to every transaction a unique nondecreasing number. The common value assigned to each transaction is the system clock value at the beginning of the transaction, therefore the name timestamp ordering. This value then can be employed in deciding the order in which the conflict between two transactions is resolved. A transaction along with a smaller timestamp value is considered to be an "older" transaction as compared to another transaction with a larger timestamp value.
When every condition appears with equality condition (=) only. c) Natural join (denoted by R*S) When two join attributes have the similar name in both relations. (Tha
Define data conversion? Helpful to load data into temporary staging tables. Then can write SQL code to do much of data processing. SQL code is simpler and faster to write than
Consider a table student (std_id, std_name, date_of_birth, percent_marks, dept_name). Write a QBE query to display names of Computer Science department students who have scored mo
Distributed Control and Data sharing: The geographical distribution of an organization can be showed in the distribution of the data; if a number of different sites are linked to e
A domain is a set of permissible values that can be given to an attribute. So each attribute in a table has a definite domain. Values to these attributes cannot be assigned outside
Attributes having a one value for a particular entity. For instance, Age is a single valued attribute of a student entity. Attributes that have more than single values
What is a Built-in A notation of identity is built-into the data model or programming language and no user-supplied identifier is needed. This form of identity is used in objec
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
Foreign Keys and NULL Let us take the relation: DEPT DEPT ID DNAME BUDGET D1 M
wrie a report on whether a BSc n information systems develops the skills required by employers in Database administration
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