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Heap files (unordered file)
Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have no exacting order. The operations we can do on the records are retrieve, insert and delete. The types of the heap file or the pile file Organisation are:
What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation? Atomicity : Either all actions are carried out or none are. Users should not have to worry about the effect of incomplete trans
What is the function of a Domain? A domain defines the technical settings of a table field. A domain describes a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the
Explain mechanism of nested queries? SQL gives a mechanism for nesting subqueries. A subquery is a select from where expression that is nested within one more query. A common u
prototype of a distributed information system for a national car part retail outlet chain.
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
Given the following set of functional dependencies {cf→ bg, g → d, cdg → f, b → de, d → c} defined on R(b,c,d,e,f,g) a. Is cf→ e implied by the FDs? b. Is dg a superkey?
Explain data independence ? Data independence is the capacity to modify the schema at one stage of a database system without having to change the schema at the further level.
How can we Classify the operations on classes This step fundamentally means all three models functional, object and dynamic (studied in last section) must be combined so that
which component of DBMS can be embedded in a program? The data manipulation language (DML) is a component which is embedded in a program.
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