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Heap files (unordered file)
Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have no exacting order. The operations we can do on the records are retrieve, insert and delete. The types of the heap file or the pile file Organisation are:
What are the various forms of data transparency? a) fragmentation transparency b) replication transparency c) location transparency
Question 1 Discuss about second normal form and third normal form Question 2 Write short note on 1) Data Manipulation Language 2) Data Definition La
Write short notes on transaction state? A transaction may not always complete its implementation successfully such a transaction is termed aborted A transaction must be in o
Indexed (Indexed Sequential) File Organisation It organises the file like a big dictionary, i.e., records are kept in order of the key but an index is stored which also allows
What are temporary tables? Temporary tables exist solely for a particular session or whose data persists for the duration of the transaction.
What is a shadow copy scheme? It is simple, but efficient, scheme known as the shadow copy schemes. It is based on making copies of the database called shadow copies that singl
to develop elrctronic database from manual forms
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
Discuss how the one-to-one associations have to be implemented. Some of properties of associations can be implemented directly by providing suitable declarations of the data me
Explain the Cascadeless Schedule A cascadeless schedule is one in which for every pair of transactions Ti and Tj like that Tj reads a data item before written by Ti, the commit
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