Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Q. Define Thrombospondin Polymorphisms
Thrombospondin polymorphisms may present an initial insight into our understanding of the genetic contribution to coronary atherosclerosis. Although a familial linkage for CAD is well documented, little is known about the causative factors leading to premature events in such families.
Thrombospondins are a family of glycoproteins that play a pivotal role in cell adhesion, vascular integrity, and thrombosis. Variations in thrombospondin genes have been linked to premature atherosclerosis and MI and may provide an example of how genetic polymorphisms can lead to the development of coronary disease.
The etiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is multifactorial. Coronary atherosclerosis is a complex process with inflammation characterized by the accumulation of lipid, macrophages and smooth muscle cells in intimal plaques in the large and medium-sized epicardial coronary arteries. The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis. Mechanical shear stresses (e.g. from hypertension), biochemical abnormalities (e.g. elevated and modified Low density lipoprotein (LDL), diabetes mellitus, elevated plasma homocysteine, immunological factors (e.g. infection such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobactor pylori) and genetic alteration may contribute to the initial endothelial ‘injury' or dysfunction, which is believed to trigger atherogenesis. The development of atherosclerosis follows the endothelial dysfunction, with increased permeability to and accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins, which are taken up by macrophages at focal sites within the endothelium to produce lipid-laden foam cells. Macroscopically, these lesions are seen as flat yellow dots or lines on the endothelium of the artery and are known as ‘fatty streaks'. The ‘fatty streak' progresses with the appearance of extracellular lipid within the endothelium (‘transitional plaque'). Release of cytokines such as platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) by monocytes, macrophages or the damaged endothelium promotes further accumulation of macrophages as well as smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. The proliferation of smooth muscle with the formation of a layer of cells covering the extracellular lipid, separates it from the adaptive smooth muscle thickening the endothelium. Collagen is produced in larger and larger quantities by the smooth muscle thickening in the endothelium and the whole sequence of events cumulates as an ‘advanced or raised fibrolipid plaque'. The ‘advanced plaque' may grow slowly and encroach on the lumen or become unstable, undergo thrombosis and produce obstruction (‘complicated plaque').
Question 1 Describe any two possible mechanisms of mutagenesis 2 Explain any five functions of Endoplasmic reticulum 3 Write short note on Ames test 4 Describe the structure an
notes on butterfly
why obwlia is considered to be of special interest in zoologyas an animal showing an intermediate grade of organisation
1. The level of organization intermediate between unicellular and the multicellular - organisms are composed of multiple cells but these fail to exhibit specialization of those cel
Explain Nutrient Requirement and Dietary Management? You must have understood by the discussion above that by the end of the flow phase, the patient usually is well hydrated an
PITUITARY DISORDERS - (a) Pituitary Dwarfism . It is caused by the deficiency of growth hormones (GH) from childhood. It is characterised by small but well porportioned body a
Define on which severity of heat treatment for pasteurization depends? The severity of heat treatment for pasteurization depends on: 1. Heat resistance of target microorgan
Explain Procedure for Capsule Staining in a Culture? We have learnt that Capsule staining can be undertaken either by negative staining or Anthony method. Now carry out the exe
Zymogens, or proenzymes, are enzymes secreted in inactive form. Under certain conditions, a zymogen shifts to the active form of the enzyme. Zymogen secretions in general occur due
Maximum and minimum range of an animal with the factors of Ph Salinity Pressure Relative human
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd