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Define Role in growth and cellular Differentiation?
The growth and differentiation of epithelial cells throughout the body are especially affected by vitamin A deficiency. In addition, goblet cell numbers we reduced in epithelial tissues and as a consequence, mucous secretions diminish. Cells lining protective tissue surfaces fail to regenerate and differentiate; hence they flatten and accumulate keratin. Classical symptoms of xerosis (drying or non-wet ability) and desquamation of dead surface cells as seen in ocular tissue (i.e. xerophthalmia) are the external evidence of the changes also occurring to various degrees in internal epithelial tissues. Current understanding of the mechanism of vitamin A action within cells outside the visual cycle is that cellular functions are mediated through specific nuclear receptors. Binding with specific isomers of retinoic acid (i.e.all Tran- and 9-cis-retinoic acid) activates these receptors. Activated receptors bind to DNA response elements located upstream of specific genes to regulate the level of expression of those genes. These retinoid-activated genes regulate the synthesis of a large number of proteins vital to maintaining normal physiologic functions. There may, however be other mechanisms of action that are as yet undiscovered.
M i croinjection method: In another approach fertilised eggs are microinjected by DNA. Microinjection requires excess of fertilized eggs. Gene transfer by microinjection is
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What is gene? Gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codifies the production of a protein.
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Morphological changes Regressive changes -These changes include the gradual reduction and ultimate disappearance of all those larval structures or organs that become redundan
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Define Protein Requirement for Cancer Patients? Both the metabolic stress of cancer, as well as, chemotherapy results in increased tissue catabolism. Hypoalbuminemia and anaemi
Ultrasonic removal of Gutta percha: -the piezoelestic ultrasonic system. - As the instruments is energized; producing heat to themosoften gutta-percha. - Float gutta-perc
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