Define alum (aluminum sulfate) caogulation, Civil Engineering

Assignment Help:

Define Alum (aluminum sulfate) Caogulation

Purchased as dry or liquid alum { Al₂(SO₄)₃,14 H₂O}, MW 594 (other formulas with varying number of water molecules also used)
48.8% alum and rest water
When alum is added to water containing alkalinity (pH 5.5 to 8.)

Each mole of alum uses 6 moles of alkalinity (HCO^-₃) and produces 2 moles of aluminum hydroxide (solid precipitate) and 6 moles of CO₂ which decreases the ph
However due to the presence of alkalinity pH won't lower drastically If there is not enough alkalinity, lime (either as CaO or Ca(OH)₂ ) or soda ash (Na₂CO₃) can be added to prevent pH from lowering due to the coagulation reaction.

Related Discussions:- Define alum (aluminum sulfate) caogulation

Can you determine the quantity of apron stone, Q. Can you determine the Qua...

Q. Can you determine the Quantity of apron stone? Quantity should be sufficient to cover the scoured face down to maximum depth of scour obtained using scour factor c of 2.5 at

Use of admixtures in concrete, Use of Admixtures in Concrete The use of...

Use of Admixtures in Concrete The use of chemical admixtures may be made in prestressed concrete construction. But the admixture should not contain chlorides in any form. This

Tie lines, explain tie lines?

explain tie lines?

Curved prestressed bridge, In a curved prestressed bridge , how ought to t...

In a curved prestressed bridge , how ought to the guided bearings in piers of curved region be oriented with respect to a fixed bearing in abutment?

Define the thiem equations for confined aquifers, Define the Thiem Equation...

Define the Thiem Equations for Confined Aquifers Using natural log: Q = 2pKm(h 2 - h 1 )/ln(r 2 /r 1 ) Using log 10 : Q = 2Km(h 2 - h 1 )/((1055)log(r 2 /r 1 ))

Calculate the uniformly distributed load, Given: pretensioned rectangula...

Given: pretensioned rectangular beam b=6" h=20" f'c=4000psi f'ci=3000psi fti=.165ksi fts=.38ksi fci=1.8ksi fcs=1.8ksi R=0.80 Required: (a)Pi and e to maximize Md+

Quality control of concrete roads, Quality Control of Concrete Roads: ...

Quality Control of Concrete Roads: Concrete roads require a very high degree of quality control. The following aspects need to be checked regularly: (a) Strength, shape an

Air traffic control, Air Traffic Control: Importance of Air Traffic...

Air Traffic Control: Importance of Air Traffic Control Air Traffic Control is a system by which routes for flying aircraft are defined, flight rules are framed, and f

Define equipments required for conducting uwmt, Define Equipments required ...

Define Equipments required for conducting UWMT? Equipments required for conducting UWMT are: Inspection Equipment: a) Electronic yoke with power cable b) Ground fault interr

Transportation issues, "We have one other pressing challenge that you could...

"We have one other pressing challenge that you could review for us," Alistair Wu says. "As you know, the Shanghai plant was our first facility in China, but we also have two other

Write Your Message!

Name

Email id

Message

Verfication Code

User Account

All Pages