Define age related changes in Alimentary canal

Advancement in ageing leads to loss of teeth. In this process, first the enamel changes then dentine and cement. Thus their mastication (chewing) efficacy slows down. Frequent weakness of the pharyngeal musculatures leads to dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), owing to decreased esophageal motility. Mucosal atrophy occurs in gastrointestinal tract leading to reduced gastric and pancreatic secretions. The height of villi gets reduced as ageing progresses. Lactose activity gets reduced in brush border cells. Hence, the nutrient absorption is adversely affected. Liver function decreases due to decrease in hepatocytes.