Define about calcium and osteoporosis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Define about Calcium and Osteoporosis?

Gain in bone mass occurs throughout childhood; however, during adolescent growth spurt, the gain in bone mass, as well as, calcium retention is accelerated two to three times more than at younger ages in both boys and girls, The bone mineral content continues to increase beyond the growth spurt into the middle of .the third decade. Progressive increase in total body calcium have been shown in one study upto 30 years in female subjects of 19-30 years on an average calcium intake of 700 mg per day. Thus, peak bone mass may be achieved 5-10 years after longitudinal bone growth has been completed. Achievement of adult height is an indication of completion of longitudinal growth. There is some data to show that increased calcium intakes in children beyond their habitual intakes could increase bone mineral density. What needs to be established is whether such increase in bone density could contribute to increased peak bone mass (i.e. maximum bone mass attained by the middle third decade).

The other factor of importance contributing to increased bone mineral density and peak bone mass is weight bearing exercise. The current recommendations in fact focus on adequate dietary calcium intakes and exercise to promote acquisition of peak bone mass and density fracture risks due to osteoporosis at later ages can be reduced. Accelerated bone loss with age is a consistent finding in both women and men. It occurs earlier in women than in men as decreased oestrogen production in menopause is associated with accelerated bone loss in women, estimated at 3% per year in the first five years after menopause. The effectiveness of calcium supplements in retarding bone loss in post menopausal women is not entirely settled. However, clinical trials in this area seem to indicate that supplements of calcium can have beneficial effect in slowing the rate of bone loss in post menopausal women.

The amounts recommended by different advisory groups differ considerably. It seems prudent to recommend that women with calcium intakes below 400 mg per day may benefit by increasing their dietary intakes or by taking supplements of calcium. This is supported by a study on two groups of post menopausal women, one with usual intakes less than 400 mg per day and the other with usual intakes between 400-650 mg per day. Calcium supplementation benefited the group with intakes less than 400 mg per day by slowing the rate of bone loss at several sites while supplements were not effective for the group with intakes between 400-650 mg per day. The role of appropriate exercise, in addition to adequate calcium intake, must receive proper attention. The other nutrient in relation to calcium absorption and bone mineral density is vitamin D. It must however, be emphasized here that vitamin D nutrition is as important as that of calcium in relation to prevention of osteoporosis and fractures. An important aspect that we shall discuss now is the relationship of calcium with blood pressure and what is the significance of calcium deficiency with respect to hypertension.


Related Discussions:- Define about calcium and osteoporosis

Osmoregulation in marine non-chordate metazoans, Osmoregulation in Marine N...

Osmoregulation in Marine Non-Chordate Metazoans Studies on the osmotic pressure of body fluids of marine organisms have displayed that their internal osmotic pressure is more

Can obesity causes the cardiovascular disease, Q. Can Obesity causes the ca...

Q. Can Obesity causes the cardiovascular disease? Obesity is established as a leading predictor of CAD and is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors like cholester

Are nematodes exclusively parasites, Are nematodes exclusively parasites? ...

Are nematodes exclusively parasites? There are parasitic roundworms, containing parasites of plants, but there are also free-living nematodes.

What is a community, What is a community? What is the difference between th...

What is a community? What is the difference between the concepts of community and population? A community is a set of populations of living beings that live in the similar regi

Inhibition of microorganisms in food, Q. Inhibition of microorganisms in fo...

Q. Inhibition of microorganisms in food? Microorganisms use our food supply as a source of nutrients and energy. They increase their numbers by utilizing nutrients. This can re

What is suprasternal views in echocardiography, Q. What is Suprasternal Vie...

Q. What is Suprasternal Views in echocardiography? To complete the echocardiography in the patients with CHD these views are essential. For optimal windows patient should lie

Define some caution for inoculating loops and needles, Define Some Caution ...

Define Some Caution for Inoculating Loops and Needles? 1. Heat the inoculating wire till it becomes red hot. 2. Never use hot inoculating wire for culturing otherwise cells

What do you mean by primary metabolites, Q. What do you mean by Primary Met...

Q. What do you mean by Primary Metabolites ? As the name indicates, primary metabolites are molecules involved in vital metabolic pathways. They are of universal occurrence and

Define laser tweezers technology - pure culture techniques, Define Laser Tw...

Define Laser Tweezers Technology? In addition to above said classical methods, advance technologies can be used for obtaining pure cultures. Laser tweezers technology is useful

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd