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DECLARE:
This keyword signals the beginning of the declarative section of the PL/SQL block, that contains local declarations. The Items declared locally exist only within the present block and all its sub-blocks and are not noticeable to enclosing blocks. The declarative section of the PL/SQL block is optional. It is terminated implicitly by using the keyword BEGIN that introduces the executable section of the block.
The PL/SQL does not allow the forward references. Therefore, you should declare an item before referencing it in other statements, including the other declarative statements. You should also declare the subprograms at the end of a declarative part after all other program items.
collection_declaration:
These identify an index-by table, nested table, or varray previously declared within the present scope.
constant_declaration:
A constant can be declared by using this construct.
cursor_declaration:
These constructs declares an explicit cursor
cursor_variable_declaration
These construct declares the cursor variable.
exception_declaration
These construct declares an exception.
object_declaration
These identify an object (or instance of an object type) formerly declared within the present scope.
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
Raise_application_error - procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD , allows to issue an user_defined error messages by stored sub-program or database trigger.
Data Types in SQL - XML, Array, Row BINARY LARGE OBJECT for arbitrarily large bit strings. XML for XML documents and fragments. ARRAY types for arrays.
DBMS_PIPE: The Package DBMS_PIPE allows various sessions to communicate over the named pipes. (A pipe is a region of memory used by one of the process to pass information to
Pl/SQL Expressions The Expressions are constructed by using the operands and operators. An operand is a constant, literal, variable, or function call which contributes a value
Advantages of Exceptions Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for th
Example of UNWRAP Operator - SQL Example here shows how unwrapping can be done in longhand in SQL. Example: Unwrapping in SQL Letting CONTACT_INFO_WRAPPED denote the res
Fetching from a Cursor Variable The FETCH statement retrieve rows one at a time from the product set of a multi-row query. The syntax for the same is as shown: FETCH {curso
Main features of PL/SQL A good way to get familiar with PL/SQL is to look at a sample program. The below program processes an order for tennis rackets. At first, it declares a
Recursion versus Iteration Dissimilar the iteration, recursion is not crucial to PL/SQL programming. Any problem which can be solved using recursion can be solving using the it
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