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DECLARE:
This keyword signals the beginning of the declarative section of the PL/SQL block, that contains local declarations. The Items declared locally exist only within the present block and all its sub-blocks and are not noticeable to enclosing blocks. The declarative section of the PL/SQL block is optional. It is terminated implicitly by using the keyword BEGIN that introduces the executable section of the block.
The PL/SQL does not allow the forward references. Therefore, you should declare an item before referencing it in other statements, including the other declarative statements. You should also declare the subprograms at the end of a declarative part after all other program items.
collection_declaration:
These identify an index-by table, nested table, or varray previously declared within the present scope.
constant_declaration:
A constant can be declared by using this construct.
cursor_declaration:
These constructs declares an explicit cursor
cursor_variable_declaration
These construct declares the cursor variable.
exception_declaration
These construct declares an exception.
object_declaration
These identify an object (or instance of an object type) formerly declared within the present scope.
Controlling Cursor Variables You use 3 statements to control the cursor variable: OPEN-FOR, FETCH, & CLOSE. At First, you OPEN a cursor variable FOR a multi-row query. Then, y
Quantification in SQL To quantify something, as the theory book has it, is to state its quantity, to say how many of it there are. For example, in Tutorial D the expression CO
Using Savepoints The scope of the savepoint is a transaction in which it is defined. The Savepoints defined in the major transaction are not related to the savepoints defined
Projection and Existential Quantification - SQL Intuitively it might seem that projection in SQL is simply a matter of specifying the required columns in the SELECT clause, a
DBMS: The answer to this question is of course given in of the theory book. This book is concerned with SQL DBMSs and SQL databases in particular. Soon we will be looking a
Positional and Named Notation You can write the actual parameters when calling a subprogram, using either positional or named notation. That is, you can point to the relationsh
Manipulating Local Collections Within PL/SQL, to manipulate the local collection, by using the TABLE and CAST operators . The operands of CAST are a collection declared locally
a. Write an anonymous block that contains a PL/SQL function. Given an order number orderNo, the function will calculate the total number of the parts in the order. Then the anonym
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_d
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
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