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Relational Operators and Logical Operators
It prepares the ground for subsequent sections in which each specific relational operator is paired with its logical counterpart, such that, for example, r1 JOIN r2 denotes the relation representing the extension of the predicate p1 AND p2, the conjunction of the predicates for the operand relations. It follows that where we can find SQL counterparts of those relational operators, invocations of those counterparts will in turn represent extensions of the predicates.
Use the NOCOPY Compiler Hint By default, the OUT and IN OUT parameters are passed by the value i.e. the value of an IN OUT actual parameter is copied into the corresponding fo
Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows: acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999; You ca
Cursors To execute the multi-row query, the Oracle opens an unnamed work region which stores the processing information. The cursor names the work region, access the informa
At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
FETCH Statement The FETCH statement retrieve rows of data one at a time from the result set of the multi-row query. The data is stored in fields or variables which correspond t
Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Using Host Arrays The Client-side programs can use anonymous PL/SQL blocks to bulk-bind input and output host arrays. However, this is the well-organized way to pass the colle
BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
Updating Tables in SQL The topic of updating by describing the assignment operator, ":=" in Tutorial D. SQL uses a different syntax for assignment, using the key word SET and
Authorisations - Privileges As relational theory is silent on the issue of authorisation, it offers nothing with which SQL's vast edifice in support of what it calls privilege
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