Define Carbonate hardness (ch) - water softening, Civil Engineering

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Carbonate Hardness (CH) - Water Softening

  • Ca+2, Mg+2 combining with alkalinity (OH-, CO3-2, HCO3-). If alkalinity is present in water the CH will be equal to alkalinity but cannot exceed total hardness.
  • temporary hardness (removed by heating the water)

 

 


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