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We can also use the logical operators to numbers directly and perform simple bit manipulation . The operators are
& Bitwise AND | Bitwise OR ^ Bitwise exclusive or ~ Bitwise one's complement i.e. NOT << Left shift >> Right shift
Example A 8 bit number represents a coded function, bit 3-4 describes the operation to be performed on the number in bits 0- 2 and 5-7 the function i.e. 00 Add 01 Subtract 10 Divide 11 Multiply Write a Program to extract the number and operation
Answer We need to extract the bits 3-4, the answer is bit operators Assume number is in the variable A i.e. 11011011 Mask off the first number i.e. bit 0-2 num1 = a & 0x07; 11011011 and 00000111 00000011 Mask off the second number i.e. bit 5 -7 num2 = a & 0xe0; 11011011 and 11100000 11000000 We need to shift num2 down by 5 places i.e. num2 = num2 >>5; 00000110
This could be done in one instruction i.e. num2 = (a & 0xe0) >> 5; Mask off the operation bits i.e. bit 4-5 operation = (a & 0x18) >> 3; We can then use the switch statement to select each operation switch(operation) { case 0: total = num1+num2; break; case 1: total = num1-num2; break; case 2: total = num1/num2; break; case 3: total = num1*num2; break; } Hence the entire program is #include void main() { char prompt; /*Author : Mr James Mc Carren Company: Staffordshire University Date: 26th August 2012 Version 1.0 Function : To show bit manipulation Modifications: none*/ int num1,num2,operation,total,a; printf("Please enter in the number\n\r"); scanf("%x",&a); num1 = a & 0x07; num2 = (a & 0xe0) >> 5 ; operation = (a & 0x18) >> 3; switch(operation) { case 0: total = num1+num2; break; case 1: total = num1-num2; break; case 2: total = num1/num2; break; case 3: total = num1*num2; break; } printf("The total is %d\n\r",total); printf("Press and key to exit \n\r"); scanf("\n%c",&prompt); }
Chaining: In this method, instead of hashing function value as location we use it as an index into an array of pointers. Every pointer access a chain that holds the element having
Define DMA controller. The I/O device interface control circuit that is used for direct memory access is called as DMA controller.
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Calculate the number of trunks that can be supported on a time multiplexed space switch given that, 32 channels are multiplexed in each stream, while the control memory access time
Q. Explain the Structured Design of system? Structured Design utilizes graphic description (Output of system analysis) and focuses on development of software specifications.
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Explain elements of language Grammer . As proposed through Noam Chomsky, a grammar G contains the following elements: a. A finite set N of non terminal symbols. b. A f
It is recommended that you capture your assignment as a Hierarchical Design in Multisim. Look at the Help topic Working with Larger Designs. Design and thoroughly test each module
Make a file "parts_inv.dat" that stores on each line a part number, cost, and quantity in inventory, e.g.: 123 5.99 52 456 3.97 100 333 2.22 567 Use fscanf to read this infor
If we have multiple filters impleted, what is the order in which these filters get implemented? Ans) 1. Authorization filters 2. Response filters 3. Action filters
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