Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Abortions
Abortion in dairy cattle is commonly defined as a loss of the foetus between the age of 42 days and approximately 260 days (buffaloes 300 days). It is important to differentiate non-infectious from infectious abortions. The prevalence of brucellosis (B. abortus) can have a disastrous effect on the pregnant herd with a high percentage of abortions.
Infectious agents are perhaps the most frequently thought of cause of bovine abortion. Bacteria which can cause abortion are Brucella, Leptospira, Haemophilus, Listeria, Ureaplasm, Mycoplasma. Viral infection which causes abortions are Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVD) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus (IBR, BHV- 1). Protozoa causing venereal diseases and abortion are Campylobacter fetus ss. Venerealis, Trichomonas foetus and Neospora caninum. Late abortions are more likely to be seen with neosporosis, leptospirosis and Brucellosis. Earlier losses (often recognised only when cows are pregnancy-tested as empty) may be more likely to be due to pestivirus or vibriosis. Sporadic abortions may indicate that the herd is partly immune to the disease, and that the disease has been present for some time. Other toxic causes of abortions are silo gas, severe nitrate or prussic acid poisoning and toxic plants, mycotic infections, selenium and vitamin A and E and iodine deficiency. Uses of cortisone or prostaglandin in pregnant cows, injury, domestic pets spreading infectious agents among cattle, are some of the other causes of abortions. While brucellosis – which can be sporadic, enzootic or epizootic – is highly infectious and varies with such factors as climate, the extent of control measures, and nutritional state of the animal. In populations suffering from brucellosis the incidence of abortion can be higher than 10% of established pregnancies. The incidence of abortions however, is less than 2% in populations free of brucellosis. The role of the veterinarian is important to recognize each case of abortion in order to establish a correct diagnosis and undertake appropriate treatment.
Glucokinase In the fed state, clearance of blood glucose is mainly by liver via glucokinase. Glucokinase, which is an inducible enzyme, removes most of the blood glucose fr
Main Components of Blood Plasma You would recall the various types of cells found in blood. The composition of human blood plasma is given in Table. The very structure of bloo
Q. What are the five kingdoms into which living beings are divided? And which group of living being is out of this classification? The five kingdoms of living beings are the ki
Classification of the river zones The course of a river can be classified in two ways Firstly by its physical characteristics and Secondly by the presence or absen
Iron Deficiency Anaemia This is the most common nutritional and haematologic disorder in infancy and chhildhood in developing countries. It is caused by lack of sufficient i
Iron deficiency should be treated with supplemental iron. • Osteoporosis should be treated with calcium and vitamin D supplements. • Depending on individual factors, patien
Stored Metabolites - Seed and Fruit In a large majority of seeds food is stored in the cells of the endosperm. In coconut, wheat and castor bean for example, it is the endospe
What is the significance of proteins for living beings? Proteins play a fundamental role in nearly all biological processes. Because of their diversity they can assume many dif
What are the types of plant geotropisms? Why do the stem and the root present opposite geotropisms? The parts of geotropisms are the positive geotropism, that in which the plan
Is pathology a subspecialty of zoology or botany?
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd