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Agriculture on a large scale:
Crops had to be planted and harvested in the right season. Floods were a recurrent phenomenon in the river valleys, for which it was essential to be prepared beforehand. The observation of sun and stars to fix the length of a year became so precise that already in 2700 B.C., the Egyptians were able to fix it at 365.2422 days! Sumerians and their successors in Mesopotamia adjusted t'he solar (sun-based) and lunar (moon-based) calendars through accurate observations. They invented the sexagesimal system of 360 degrees in a circle (near enough to the days in a year), 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in a minute. The exercises were carried out using mathematical tables and ied to algebra and arithmetic of the later epochs. Another occupation that came to be very prestigious with the growth of cities was that of medicine. Although the practice of medicine was limited to treating wounds, dislocations, fractures etc., the practitioners could successfully diagnose many diseases. They could compare cases with one another, notice different diseases and record them. From such descriptions, orally passed on to later generations, arose the sciences of anatomy and physiology. Practitioners of medicine also had the knowledge of plants and mineral substances to prepare drugs for various diseases. They grew plants and herbs for this purpose. It is from this source that the science of botany arose later. The basis for chemistry was laid in the observations and practices of jewellers, metal- workers and potters. They knew about at least nine chemical elements-gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, mercury, iron, sulphur and carbon, and also about a variety of dry and liquid reagents. The process of smelting ores, of purifying metals, of colouring them, of adding enamel%-all involve complex chemical reactions that were learnt by many trials and experiments. However, chemistry never rose to the rank of a recognised science in the 'Bronze Age.
Excretory Function of Bile Excretory function: Bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin) are the waste products of the breakdown of red blood cells and bile is their route of ex
Explain Mouth To Mouth Respiration If no instrument is available, one's own lung may be used as a positive pressure pump. Air may be blown into the lungs of the subject by way
Explain the Hypersecretion (Hyperthyroidism) Or Thyrotoxicosis This condition generally occurs in adult life. This is commonly caused by hyperplasia of the gland and is called
Nematodes These are next to protozoa and are the abundant soil microfauna in soil. They are also called eelworms, thread worms or roundworms. Nematodes that feed on decayin
which organs are protected by the skull
Soil Pollution: The problem of soil pollution is rapidly increasing in the rural, urban and industrial areas due to unscientific and irrational disposal of solid wastes gene
Explain the Phagocytosis Phagocytosis includes the ingestion of particulate material including complete pathogenic microorganisms. The plasma membrane expands around the partic
What happens if the elasticity of Price expectations is less than one?
Physical universe: The universe is vast. The Earth we live on appears to be just a speck of dust circling a small star in a remote corner of an obscure galaxy. If we are a s
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