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Agriculture on a large scale:
Crops had to be planted and harvested in the right season. Floods were a recurrent phenomenon in the river valleys, for which it was essential to be prepared beforehand. The observation of sun and stars to fix the length of a year became so precise that already in 2700 B.C., the Egyptians were able to fix it at 365.2422 days! Sumerians and their successors in Mesopotamia adjusted t'he solar (sun-based) and lunar (moon-based) calendars through accurate observations. They invented the sexagesimal system of 360 degrees in a circle (near enough to the days in a year), 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in a minute. The exercises were carried out using mathematical tables and ied to algebra and arithmetic of the later epochs. Another occupation that came to be very prestigious with the growth of cities was that of medicine. Although the practice of medicine was limited to treating wounds, dislocations, fractures etc., the practitioners could successfully diagnose many diseases. They could compare cases with one another, notice different diseases and record them. From such descriptions, orally passed on to later generations, arose the sciences of anatomy and physiology. Practitioners of medicine also had the knowledge of plants and mineral substances to prepare drugs for various diseases. They grew plants and herbs for this purpose. It is from this source that the science of botany arose later. The basis for chemistry was laid in the observations and practices of jewellers, metal- workers and potters. They knew about at least nine chemical elements-gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, mercury, iron, sulphur and carbon, and also about a variety of dry and liquid reagents. The process of smelting ores, of purifying metals, of colouring them, of adding enamel%-all involve complex chemical reactions that were learnt by many trials and experiments. However, chemistry never rose to the rank of a recognised science in the 'Bronze Age.
Explain Internal Respiration What do you understand by the term 'internal respiration'? Well, the interchange of gases between the blood and cells of the body is internal respi
Communication Revolution: It is in this background, that communication revolution is being ushered in ou: country. In the recent years, the rural people who have access to T
How did it change from Mendeleev to Mosely?
Explain the Rectum and Anal Canal Rectum: This is a slightly dilated part of the colon. It leads from the pelvic colon. Anal canal: This is a short canal which leads fro
Why are nematodes agriculturally very important? Nematodes are the abundant soil microfauna. Being predatory and saprophytic in nature they cause a loss of vigour of the root
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Define the Levels of Drugs in Urine Levels of alcohol and barbiturates (a group of drugs derived from barbituric acid that is used to sedate, to control convulsions or to induc
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Important physico-chemical properties of niacin and niacinamide are as follows: a) Niacin is a white crystalline solid. b) While niacin is sparingly soluble in water, etha
Maintain the Calcium Levels of Body– Function of Kidney Maintain the body’s calcium levels. Along with parathormone and calcitriol, kidney helps the body to absorb calcium.
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