Reference no: EM133849840
Problem
Select an environmental pollutant that is entering your body through food sourced from your local community and causing adverse health issues in that community. After selecting the pollutant, identify and briefly discuss both direct and indirect methods for assessing exposure to this pollutant through dietary sources. Then, propose one social marketing strategy and one risk communication strategy to address the resulting health issues.
Preoperative diagnosis: Tracheal stenosis, subglottic
Postoperative diagnosis: Same
Procedure performed: Fiber-optic bronchoscopy
Surgeon: Stine, Frank, MD
Indications: Tracheal stenosis
Details of the procedure, and potential risks and alternatives, were explained, and patient consent was obtained.
Medications: Xylocaine spray was applied to the throat and Xylocaine gel placed in the nostrils. The patient received 50 mcg of fentanyl and 8 mg of Versed intravenous.
Procedure: The bronchoscope was placed orally once sufficient sedation was obtained. The vocal cords were visualized, and the patient appeared to have some right true vocal cord weakness. Just below the vocal cords, in the subglottic area, scar tissue was noted and moderate narrowing of the upper trachea with almost complete closure of the airway on exhalation. Airways were immediately examined. The trachea; carina; right upper-, middle-, and lower-lobe bronchi; and left main stem bronchus and upper- and lower-lobe bronchi were examined and found to be normal and without significant mucosal abnormalities. The patient tolerated the procedure well. No specimens were collected.
What modifier(s) should be appended to the CPT code for this case?