Reference no: EM132435009

Note: The following short essay questions are based on the paper "Climate Change and Collective Action" written by Prof. Dan Cole. You can access the paper under Files\Problem Sets & Solutions on Canvas. Read the paper with good attention. Respond to the questions with information and/or arguments provided in the paper. When necessary, contents from our textbooks and lecture slides can also be used.

Question 1. By the time of the Vienna Convention, what was the status of scientific evidence regarding stratospheric ozone and man-made ozone depleting substances (ODSs)? Was there concrete proof of actual depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer? Had anthropogenic cause of ozone depletion been established? What was the "catalytic event" in the scientific realm that occurred during the Vienna Convention? How did this event contribute to the negotiations towards the Montreal Protocol? (5 points, 1 point for each question)

Question 2. What is "predation through regulation"? Explain this concept using the case of the opposing positions between the U.S. and the European Community (EC) during negotiations at the Vienna Convention. (2 points)

Question 3. Where do the underlying technical, economic, and/or political contexts of global climate negotiations differ from those of global ozone negotiations? Please precisely identify and briefly explain these factors. (3 points)

Question 4. Why was Russia's Kyoto commitment "hot air"? (1 point) How did the Kyoto Protocol generate windfall cash for Russia? (1 point)

Question 5. What suggestions did Prof. Cole offer for resolving the global climate collective action problem? What are the rationales behind these suggestions? Identify at least three suggestions and explain their rationales. (3 points)