Reference no: EM133870729

Answer briefly the following:

1. What are the two sphincters that are not made up of smooth muscle?

2. Why is dental health i a very important component of a person's physical and psychological sense of well-being? How does poor dental health aggravate the the problems of aging? Formulate a nursing process (may include assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, evaluation) applied the management of dental problems.

3. Cite three major salivary glands ; describe briefly examples of disorders and the management. What is the prognosis of Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx?

4. What is neck dissection and its purpose. Describe briefly the types of this surgical procedure.

5. What is GERD. Describe briefly the patho physiology and the clinical manifestations.

CRITICAL THINKING EXERCISES

1. A 35-year-old white man presents to the medical clinic with a white spot on the inside of his mouth. He states that he has been using smokeless tobacco for 15 years. He does not like to smoke cigarettes because he is afraid of contracting lung cancer. How would you educate this patient about the similarities between smokeless tobacco and cigarettes as they relate to cancer? What other questions you would ask this patient? What would be the next step that this patient should take? What is the strength of the evidence that guides your planned intervention with this patient?

2. You are a nurse in the intensive care unit (ICU) and have been assigned a new postoperative patient who has had a neck resection due to cancer. The patient returns to the ICU with neck drains that are set to bulb suction. You note that the patient has drained 100 mL of bright red blood within the rst 2 hours postoperatively. Two hours later, the patient has another 150 mL of bloody drainage. What is your first nursing action? Why?

3. A 70-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain. Upon further questioning, this patient reports she had an endoscopic procedure for evaluation of a hiatal hernia earlier today. She now reports excruciating chest pain and shortness of breath. Chest x-ray reveals a widened mediastinum. Why might this patient be experiencing chest pain? Twenty minutes later, the patient continues to be uncomfortable, a surgery consult is obtained, and the patient is noted to have enlarging tissue of the neck and face and a stridorous voice. It is identified that this patient has increasing subcutaneous emphysema. What would be the most appropriate plan of action for this patient? What would the nurse anticipate and why?