Africa’s slow growth can by some different variables. Things like measuring economic policy, initial conditions, demography, and physical geography can account well for the growth performance of other parts of the developing world. Africa’s poor choices of economic policy in turn are responsible for much of the growth shortfall. Poor policies and institutions explain a large share of the slow growth. Also poverty in Africa is paradoxical: the continent is made of 54 countries of low population density and rich in natural resources. Of course, as usual the resources are not evenly distributed between regions, countries and within local populations. Diseases, in particular HIV-AIDS – are another major threat to economic development. This is a vicious cycle by which poverty boosts the spread of HIV which in turn increases poverty. The case of the poor in South Africa shows that despite the country's substantial growth, that wealth is still too concentrated in the hands of an "uninfected" minority. That way the gap between the rich and the poor only gets bigger and bigger, making it harder for impoverished populations to catch up with the well-off

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