Reference no: EM133877608

Question

1. Mrs. Tyson, who is a plumber, says, "I understand that the ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. Gravity would move the urine down when a person is upright. But why does urine go through the ureters when a person is (ving down?"

2. A nursing student says, "If 20% of the arterial blood that enters the kidneys is filtered into the renal tubules at the glomerulus, what happens to the other 80% that stays in the glomerulus after it leaves the efferent arterioles? Does it just leave the kidney by way of veins?"

3. A medical assistant in a refugee camp working with protein-malnourished people says, "I am surprised that even when our new refugees obviously are dehydrated, they still do not have the small quantities of dark yellow urine I would expect. They make larger amounts of lighter yellow urine. Why?"

4. "I am learning how the kidneys work," says Ms. Boulpaep. "It says here that the glomeruli in the kidneys filter about 180 liters per day. I know we do not have that much fluid in our bodies! Is this number an error, or, if it is true, why aren't we dead from urinating out our body fluids?"

5. "I wake up every night needing to urinate," says a retired nurse, age 78. "I know that age-related nocturia is normal, but I forget what basic changes in the kidney make that happen. Please explain."