Reference no: EM133477184

Question 1

If someone acts prudently, she is acting ...

selfishly.

ethically.

in her self-interest.

Question 2

What's the proper relationship between ethics and emotions? They ...

are (or should be) completely unrelated.

are closely connected, but the latter sometimes need to be corrected by the former.

are identical: whatever feels good is the right thing to do.

Question 3

According to Moral Absolutists, ethical principles ...

are universal and objectively true.

are relative to particular cultures.

derive from our shared human nature.

Question 4

According to Deontology, morality consists of ...

seeking the greatest good for the greatest number.

doing your moral duty based on reason alone.

acting in accordance with personal virtues.

Question 5

Utilitarians argue that ethics should aim at ...

seeking the greatest good for the greatest number.

doing your moral duty based on reason alone.

acting in accordance with personal virtues.

Question 6

God.

relationships we have with other people.

moral dilemmas.

Question 7

Values are considered valid in a particular social context if they are ...

inter-subjectively affirmed by most people in that society.

completely consistent and never contradict each other.

unrelated to moral obligations.

Question 8

Obligations are requirements to follow or avoid a particular course of action. They derive from ...

moral values we affirm.

relationships we're born into.

relationships we enter into voluntarily.

All of the above.

Question 9

Rights are rarely absolute. This means that ...

they must never be violated.

they can be overridden by our obligation to avoid harming others.

they have no moral significance whatsoever.

Question 10

According to the author, Ethics is ...

a set of guidelines which takes account of specific circumstances and is responsive to the particularity of different cases.

concerned with abstract principles and largely irrelevant to the actual practice of medicine.

a set of rigid, universally applicable rules which determines what is morally right and wrong.

Question 11

Noble argues that human rights are not passive, they entail "an active process requiring positive action." What implication does this view have for Medical Ethics?

Human rights are complicated and contextual: because some patients are incapable of giving consent, health care workers must sometimes obtain consent from their parent or guardian.

Human rights are absolute and must never be violated: if a patient does not consent to a procedure, it cannot be performed under any circumstances.

Human rights (e.g., the right to life) serve as a "trump card" which can easily and effectively solve all ethical dilemmas.

Question 12

Informed Consent requires ...

providing accurate and relevant information to patients in a way that enables them to make choices which reflect their values and interests.

telling patients about every conceivable risk associated with a procedure, no matter how unlikely the risk and how they might respond.

taking a clinician-centered approach, which provides patients with legally-mandated information and leaves them to make their decision without further interference.

Question 13

What's the difference between the two versions of the case involving the 12-year-old child with cancer presented on p. 17?

In one, the treatment will extend the child's life for many years but his quality of life will be poor; in the other, he's likely to survive only six additional months but will be completely healthy during this time.

In one, the child is expected to recover fully if the treatment is administered; in the other, his prognosis is much more grim.

In one, the parents oppose the new treatment given the suffering their child has already endured; in the other, they want him to be kept alive as long as possible (against the advice of his doctors).