Human Stress Response-Resilient Brain

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Reference no: EM133851830

Question

Human Stress Response

Part 1: The Human Stress Response Asynchronous Lecture

1. What are some ways we can define stress? What are examples of "healthy stressors"? What is the purpose of stress?
2. What were the three observations Selye made in terms of the physical effects of chronic stress in his animals?
3. What are the basic steps to the human stress response (depicted in Slide 3)
4. What structures in the brain are involved in a human stress response? What are their functions?
5. What are the two output systems to the human stress reponse?
6. What physiological effects do the two output systems generate?
7. Explain the general adaptation syndrome.

Part 2: The Resilient Brain

1. How does Dr. McEwen define and describe: Positive vs. Tolerable vs. Toxic Stress?
2. What kinds of experiences can cause the physiological effects of stress but are not always called stress?
3. Describe and explain the Exposome.
4. What is Allostatic load vs. allostatic overload? How does is relate to the U shaped dose response curve for stress-related mediators?
5. What is epigenetics? How does it relate to differential exposures to stressful experiences?
6. Circulating hormones can enter the brain, bind to receptors on cells (neuronal and non-neuronal), and effect brain function. Which hormones did Dr. McEwen mention had pro-cognitive/protective effects? What hormones are associated with stress? Can these stress-related hormones enter and affect the brain too?
7. The hippocampus contains receptors for stress-related hormones. What effects (by stress-related hormones) on the hippocampus have been observed?
8. What effects did exercise have on the hippocampus and mood?
9. Consider the U shared dose response curve for stress - What kind effects are on the positive end of the curve? What effects are on the negative end of the curve?
10. What other brain structures are affected by chronic stress?
11. What sex differences have been observed in terms of the effects of chronic stress on brain regions?
12. What physical and behavioral effects (altered development) have been observed in humans in response to exposures to trauma and adverse life experiences?
13. What is brain plasticity? What periods of time along the lifespan is brain plasticity possible? What kinds of things enhance brain plasticity?

Part 3: Black Americans more prone to health issues because of racism

1. How many black Americans die prematurely every day?
2. What has Dr. David Williams' research found? What is the everyday discrimination scale?
3. How did the life expectancy of White vs. Black Yale 1970 graduates differ? What does this illustrate?
4. How does Dr. Williams describe the phenomenon of "weathering"?
5. How does a person's address affect their health and their life expectancy?

Part 4: "Weathering" and the Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Black. And Whites in the United States

1. How does Geronimus et al describe the idea of "weathering"?
2. What is Allostasis and Allostatic Load?
3. How is Allostatic Load measured?
4. What are the key findings of the study?
5. Describe and defend the idea that there may be a "dose response" effect with respect to weathering, based on the findings of this study.

Reference no: EM133851830

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