Reference no: EM132723405
1. Pierre, a college student, seriously burned his arm with hot grease while working in a fast-food establishment. Examination of the burn shows that on the back of his hand, the epidermis and part of the dermis have been damaged. However, on the back of his forearm, both the dermis and epidermis have been completely destroyed. How would these two burns be classified? About what percentage of his skin surface has been burned? Which of the burned areas would be the most painful at first? What would be the prognosis for repair of the two burned areas? What loss of function would occur in the area of a third-degree burn?
2. Some individuals who are depressed have an abnormally small amount of the neurotransmitter serotonin at certain synapses in the brain. One category of antidepressant drugs is called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Can you deduce what action this drug has at a synapse to increase the amount of serotonin present in the synaptic cleft? Another type of antidepressant inhibits the enzymes that naturally break down serotonin at the synaptic cleft. Can you explain how this might reduce the symptoms of depression?
3. Outline the flow of blood through the heart. Explain the function of valves as you proceed. What are the possible causes of blocked coronary arteries? What could result if the condition is not treated? How can a coronary blockage be treated? Please perform some research using the LIRN Library (diagrams or articles) to supplement the material that you have learned in the textbook.
4. Low carbohydrate diets have been very popular recently. Many people today are going on variations of the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Describe what happens in the body when only proteins and fat are ingested but carbohydrates are excluded. Do you think diets that are high in proteins and fat healthy weight-loss alternatives? Why or why not?
5. Changes in electrolytes or amount of fluid in the ICF or ECF affect every system in the body. Sometimes chemicals or infectious organisms can result in extreme irritation of the cells lining the large intestine. In response to this irritation, these cells may secrete sodium into the large intestine. Describe the changes that would occur in the ICF if sodium was excreted from the intestinal lining into the large intestine. How would the decreased sodium and water in the IF affect blood plasma? How would this change affect arterial blood pressure? How would the ICF in the cells lining the large intestine be restored to their original state?
6. There are several theories about the mechanisms behind the aging process. Explain each of these theories. Which do you think is the most accurate theory? Defend your answer.