Reference no: EM134024871

Question

Patient Information: Name: Lucas Thompson Age: 4 years old Gender: Male Medical History: Born at 32 weeks gestation, prolonged NICU stay due to respiratory distress syndrome Family History: No significant medical history Presenting Symptoms: Delayed motor milestones: Lucas has not yet started walking independently. Increased muscle tone in the legs, leading to stiff and awkward movements. Difficulty with fine motor skills, such as holding small objects. Speech delay and difficulty articulating words. Initial Assessment: Vital Signs: Temperature: 37.2°C (99°F) Heart Rate: 90 bpm Respiratory Rate: 20 breaths per minute Blood Pressure: 95/60 mmHg Physical Examination: Hypertonia in lower extremities, spasticity observed during passive movements. Scissoring gait when assisted to walk. Reflexes: Hyperreflexia noted, especially in the lower extremities. Presence of primitive reflexes such as the Moro reflex. Difficulty with coordinated movements, such as bringing hands together. Developmental Assessment: Gross Motor Skills: Delayed, not able to walk independently. Fine Motor Skills: Difficulty grasping small objects, uncoordinated hand movements. Speech: Limited vocabulary, difficulty forming clear words. Cognitive: Appears age-appropriate, follows simple instructions. Diagnosis: Spastic Cerebral Palsy Assignment Questions Pathophysiology: Explain the pathophysiological changes that occur in Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Discuss how these changes lead to the symptoms observed in Lucas. Clinical Manifestations: