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Air at 3 atm and 100°C is discharged from a compressor into a vertical receiver of 2.5-m height and 0.75-m diameter. Assume that the receiver wall has negligible thermal resistance, is at a uniform temperature, and that heat transfer at its inner and outer surfaces is by free convection from a vertical plate. Neglect radiation exchange and any losses from the top.
(a) Estimate the receiver wall temperature and the heat transfer to the ambient air at 25°C. To facilitate use of the free convection correlations with appropriate film temperatures, assume that the receiver wall temperature is 60°C.
(b) Were the assumed film temperatures of part (a) reasonable? If not, use an iteration procedure to find consistent values.
(c) Now consider two features of the receiver neglected in the previous analysis:
(i) radiation exchange from the exterior surface of emissivity 0.85 to large surroundings, also at 25°C; and
(ii) the thermal resistance of a 20-mm-thick wall with a thermal conductivity of 0.25 W/m· K. Represent the system by a thermal circuit and estimate the wall temperatures and the heat transfer rate.
Calculate the parameters of the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 13.2.5(c).
The mole fraction of ammonia in exit gas from the tower is 0.003. Assuming isothermal operation and considering the following equilibrium data calculate the height of the packed bed.
Steam at 2000 kPa containing 6% moisture is heated at constant pressure to 848.15 K (575°C). How much heat is required per kilogram?
find the voltage at the load terminals, the terminal voltage of the generator G2, and the real power, as well as the reactive power output of the generator G2.
At the same time, 45 J of heat is transferred from the surroundings to the system. Against what pressure was the piston working?
If heat rejection is at 313.15 K (409C), what is the lowest temperature the system can possibly maintain?
Your painting showed a carbon-14 activity of 15.1 counts per minute per gram. Could it be a genuine Rembrandt?
Write a MATLAB function that, given the system statespace matrices A, B, and C, the desired closed-loop poles, and the observer poles, determines the closed-loop system statespace matrices of a full-observer state feedback system with integral act..
(a) What is the minimum number of theoretical stages necessary to effect this separation? (b) What is the minimum extract reflux ratio?
Will radiocarbon dating work well for small samples of 10 mg or less? (For14C, half life = 5730 years.)
Let both the actuator and the sensor signals be in the range 0 to 5 V, and let 1C of the temperature variable correspond to 0.02 V. Design the hardware and software architecture of the digital control system.
A fluid level control system includes a tank, a level sensor, a fluid source, and an actuator to control fluid inflow. Consult any classical control text1 to obtain a block diagram of an analog fluid control system. Modify the block diagram to sho..
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