Reference no: EM133975421
Questions
1. Which of the following families of animal viruses never needs to use the nucleus of its host cell to carry out its full replication cycle?
A) Papovaviridae
B) Rhabdoviridae
C) Retroviridae
D) Herpesviridae
E) Hepadnaviridae
2. The bacteria that cause diphtheria harm the host by producing and releasing:
A) enterotoxins
B) antitoxins
C) cytotoxins
D) endotoxins
E) neurotoxins
3. Which portion of an antibody binds to an antigen?
A) The heavy chains.
B) The constant regions.
C) The light chains.
D) The variable regions.
E) Only specific regions on the light chains called epitopes.
4. Antibodies can inactivate __________ by directly binding to them, but to harm an intact bacterial cell, antibodies bound to antigens on the cell must trigger the action of ___________.
A) MHC proteins; macrophages
B) APC's; the complement system
C) bacterial toxins; the complement system
D) virally infected cells; interferons
E) viruses; MHC proteins
5. The molecule serving as mRNA can be incorporated in the newly synthesized virus capsids of which of the following viral families?
A) Herpesviridae
B) Rhabdoviridae
C) Picornaviridae
D) Poxviridae
E) Hepadnaviridae
6. In general, which group constitutes the largest proportion of the normal microbiota of the skin?
A) gram negative rods
B) endospore forming rods and cocci
C) gram positive cocci
D) gram negative cocci
E) mycoplasmas
The following information applies to questions 7-9.
An individual had several infected hair follicles on her skin. One of them became progressively worse, until it became a severe boil. Unfortunately, the pathogens that caused the initial infection were able to infect the dermis, and make their way into the individual's bloodstream causing toxemia. To everyone's dismay, the girl died rather abruptly after this time due to a fatal, quick drop in blood pressure. The cause of death was listed as toxic shock syndrome.
7. The organism that was responsible for this infection was most likely:
A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae
D) Propionobacter acne
E) Staphylococcus epidermis
8. The toxin produced by the pathogen in question was a(n):
A) neurotoxin
B) exotoxin
C) endotoxin
D) part of the cell wall of the pathogen
E) enterotoxin
9. Which of the following is true of the pathogen that caused the death of the girl?
A) It contains techoic acids in its cell wall.
B) It contains Lipid A in its cell wall.
C) It contains an axial filament.
D) It would stain red in the acid-fast stain.
E) It does not possess ribosomes.
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10. The pathogens that cause all of the following diseases are classified in the same viral family EXCEPT:
A) Shingles
B) Infectious Mononucleosis
C) Chickenpox
D) Smallpox
E) Herpes simplex I (cold sores)
11. Anthrax can be transmitted to humans in all of the following ways except:
A) Direct contact with infected animal materials (e. g., hides).
B) Ingestion of endospores
C) Transmission via an arthropod vector
D) Inhalation of endospores
E) Vehicle transmission
The following information applies to questions 12-15.
On January 1, 2009, just after midnight at a rather crazy New Year's Eve party, a college student accidentally punctured his skin with a corkscrew trying to open a bottle of champagne. The wound was rather deep, and he bled fairly profusely, but being drunk he decided to bandage it up and didn't go to the doctor. He was aware of the possibility of tetanus, since he had taken BIO 315, but after all, he had had a DTP vaccine, and wasn't very worried. In fact he didn't go to the doctor until he began to feel sick on January 15, when he experienced trouble moving his jaws and swallowing. Unfortunately when he went to the doctor, it was clear that the wound had been deprived of oxygen, and he was administered a tetanus booster vaccine and tetanospasmin antitoxin. Much to everyone's shock, the young man died on January 31.
12. The toxin that killed the young man is best described as an:
A) endotoxin
B) enterotoxin
C) cytotoxin
D) exotoxin
E) psychrotoxin
13. The pathogen that caused the young man's ordeal:
A) was an obligate acellular parasite
B) was a gram negative spirochete with an axial filament
C) contained Lipid A in its cell wall, and porin proteins in an outer membrane
D) contained ribosomes
E) was a gram positive aerobic coccus
14. The pathogen that caused the disease should be classified in the same taxonomic Family (according to the Determinative Manual) as
A) The pathogen that causes pneumonic plague
B) The pathogen that causes giardiasis
C) The pathogen that causes anthrax
D) Streptococcus
E) The pathogen that causes leprosy
15. Botulism differs from tetanus in that:
A) One is caused by a neurotoxin, the other is not.
B) The etiologic agents are from different taxonomic genera.
C) In botulism, no bacteria need ever enter the body, while in tetanus, an infection must occur.
D) One is caused by an exotoxin, the other by an endotoxin.
E) C. botulinum can form endospores while C. tetani cannot.
16. A patient is diagnosed with "meningococcal meningitis". The pathogen that is causing this condition is most closely related to the pathogen that causes which of the following conditions?
A) Syphilis
B) Rabies
C) Bubonic Plague
D) Botulism
E) Gonorrhea
17. A patient is diagnosed with "pneumococcal meningitis" What is true of the pathogen that is causing this condition?
A) It possesses a capsule
B) It is gram negative
C) It possesses an axial filament
D) It is a virus
E) It is the same pathogen that causes tetanus
18. Antibiotics might be a reasonable treatment for which of the following conditions?
A) AIDS
B) Anthrax
C) Botulism
D) Polio
E) Rabies
19. The pathogen that causes anthrax should be classified in the same bacterial Division (according to the Determinative Manual) as:
A) Streptomyces
B) Mycoplasmas
C) Halobacterium
D) Yersinia
E) Borrelia
20. Leaf-cutter ants in the Amazon control "pests" in their fungal gardens by carrying cultures of antibiotic producing bacteria. These bacteria belong to the genus:
A) Bacillus
B) Aspergillus
C) Penicillium
D) Escherichia
E) Streptomyces