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One of the most common chemical reactors found around us is the car engine. It takes gasoline and reacts it with air to release chemical energy, which in turn is transformed into mechanical energy. Emissions from your car's engine have been an environmental concern for many years.
Using the concepts of material balances, determine how much (in moles and lbs) air is needed and CO2, N2, CO, and H2O are emitted for every gallon of gasoline burned in your car's engine. Assume that gasoline, a mixture of many hydrocarbons, can be modeled as pure octane (C8H18). Assume that 90% of the octane is turned into carbon dioxide and water, and 10% of the octane is turned into carbon monoxide and water. No excess air is involved in the reaction, meaning only enough air to provide the needed oxygen is introduced into the engine. Also assume the nitrogen in the air does not react at the temperature of your engine. Use the variables nO2, nN2, nCO, nCO2, nN2, and nH2O to represent the number of moles of each component in various streams.
Write an essay on the replacement of metallic automobile components by polymers and composite materials. Address the following issues:
Estimate the annual operating cost of providing refrigeration to a condenser with duty 1.2 MW operating at -5 ºC. The refrigeration cycle rejects heat to cooling water that is available at 40 ºC, and has an efficiency of 80% of the Carnot cycle ef..
Wet air containing 4.0mole% water vapor is passed through a column of calcium chloride pellets. The pellets adsorb 97.0% of the water and none of the other constituents of the air. The column packing was initially dry and had a mass of 3.40kg, fol..
Prepare a piping diagram and calculate the pipe size as well as the required power of the pump. You need to specify the type of fittings and the pipe material for your calculations.
At a flea market, you've found a very interesting painting done in the style of Rembrandt's "dark period" (1642-1672). You suspect that you really do not have a genuine Rembrandt, but you take it to the local university for testing. Living wood sh..
What is the required flow rate of cooling water to the exchanger between the wasteheat boiler and the absorber and how much heat must be removed by the two heat exchangers cooling the recycled absorber liquid? Why is there a need to remove this heat?
a. Estimate the feed flow rates of glycine and guaiacol that would be needed to produce 100 kg/day of the API. b. Estimate how much product is lost in the thin-film evaporator.
What are the attractive characteristics of Green Fuels and Chemicals and comment on the impact of either fossil fuels or biodiesel on mangrove forests.
Aniline is produced by the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. The reaction takes place in a fluidized bed reactor operating at 270 °C and 20 bar. The excess heat of reaction is removed by a heat transfer fluid passing through tubes in the fluidized be..
The liquid-phase irreversible reaction A ? B is carried out in a CSTR. To learn the rate law, the residence time, t is varied and the effluent concentrations of species A are measured.
a. Develop a general equation that relates the average value of n to the mass of a given mixture of PCBs and the mass of AgCl produced. b. A 0.1947-g sample of a commercial PCB yielded 0.4791 g of AgCl. What is the average value of n for this samp..
Ethane (C2H6) can be dehydrogenated to ethylene (C2H4), which can be dehydrogenated further to acetylene (C2H2). A reactor is fed with ethane and steam at a 1:1 mole ratio (The steam simply acts as a diluent). If the reactor runs at 1 atm and the rea..
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