Reference no: EM134004098

Question

Define nonlinear pharmacokinetics. How do drugs that follow nonlinear pharmacokinetics differ from drugs that follow linear pharmacokinetics? What is the rate of change in the plasma drug concentration with respect to time, dCp/dt, when Cp « KM? What is the rate of change in the plasma drug concentration with respect to time, dCp/dt, when Cp » KM? What processes of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination may be considered "capacity limited," "saturated," or "dose dependent"? Drugs, such as phenytoin and salicylates, have been reported to follow dose-dependent elimination kinetics. What changes in pharmacokinetic parameters, including t1/2, VD, AUC, and Cp, could be predicted if the amounts of these drugs administered were increased from low pharmacologic doses to high therapeutic doses? A given drug is metabolized by capacity-limited pharmacokinetics. Assume KM is 50 μg/mL, Vmax is 20 μg/mL per hour, and the apparent VD is 20 L/kg. What is the reaction order for the metabolism of this drug when given in a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg? How much time is necessary for the drug to be 50% metabolized? How would induction or inhibition of the hepatic enzymes involved in drug biotransformation theoretically affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug that demonstrates.