Cellular gene expression is modulated in cells

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Reference no: EM133934920

Questions

1. Identify a cellular chaperone and an assembly reaction it promotes, and indicate how a viral scaffolding protein can be distinguished from a structural protein of a viral capsid.

2. Coronavirus particles acquire an envelope by budding into the ER. How could these enveloped particles leave infected cells without either losing their membranes or lysing the host cell?

3. Cellular gene expression is modulated in cells infected by many (if not all) viruses. Give two examples of viral proteins that inhibit expression of subsets of cellular genes post-transcriptionally and outline their mechanisms of action.

4. The genomes of some viruses that are transcribed in infected cell nuclei encode proteins that inhibit pre-mRNA splicing. Why is viral gene expression not also inhibited?

5. Many of the alterations in cellular gene expression observed in virus-infected cells are the result of viral gene products affecting signal transduction pathways. Identify two viral proteins that directly regulate transcription of subsets of cellular genes and outline their mechanisms of action.

6. You are studying glycolysis in cells infected by a newly identified virus. You observe substantially increased rates of uptake, but no increase in the intracellular concentration of pyruvate. Identify two distinct alterations in infected cell metabolism that could account for these observations. What is the most likely reason for the increased rate of glucose uptake?

7. Give two examples of altered lipid metabolism in virus-infected cells, and in each case indicate how the change facilitates virus reproduction.

8. Lipid droplets are depots for the storage of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols. Give three examples of how lipid droplets are repurposed in virus-infected cells.

9. Which viral proteins in general are translated by ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

10. Of all known enveloped viruses, only a fraction of them infect host cells that have cell walls. What specialized problems would an enveloped virus face by replicating in a host with a cell wall?

Reference no: EM133934920

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