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Keyword and Parameter Description:
label_name:
This is an undeclared identifier which optionally labels the PL/SQL block. When used, label_name should be enclosed by the double angle brackets and should appear at the beginning of the block. Optionally, label_name can also become visible at the end of the block.
The global identifier declared in an enclosing block can be re-declared in a sub-block, in that case the local declaration prevails and the sub-block cannot reference the global identifier. To reference the global identifier, you should use the block label to qualify the reference, as the illustration below shows:
<>
DECLARE
x INTEGER;
BEGIN
...
IF x = outer.x THEN -- refers to global x
END IF;
END;
END outer;
Avoid the NOT NULL Constraint In the PL/SQL, using the NOT NULL constraint incur a performance cost. Consider the illustration as shown below: PROCEDURE calc_m IS m NUMB
BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
Naming Conventions The similar naming conventions apply to all PL/SQL program items and units including the variables, cursors, constants, cursor variables, procedures, exception
LONG and LONG RAW You use the LONG datatype to store the variable-length character strings. The LONG datatype is such as the VARCHAR2 datatype, except that the maximum length o
Advantages of Exceptions Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for th
Character Types The Character types allow you to store alphanumeric data, represent words and text, and manipulate the character strings. CHAR You use the CHAR dataty
Parameter and Keyword Description: record_type_name: This identifies the user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the records. NOT N
OUT Mode An OUT parameter returns values to the caller of a subprogram. Within the subprogram, an OUT parameter act like a variable. That means that you can use an OUT formal
The Package Body The package specification is implemented by the package body. That is, the package body has the definition of every cursor and the subprogram declared in the p
Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example is the most direct translation of its counterpart in the theory book that can be obtained in SQL but it is so over-elaborate that no
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