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Advantages of Exceptions
Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for the execution errors:
BEGIN
SELECT ...
-- check for 'no data found' error
The Error processing is not clearly separated from general processing; nor is it robust. If you ignore to code a check, the error goes unobserved and is possible to cause other, apparently unrelated errors. With the exceptions, you can handle errors correctly without the requirement to code the multiple checks, which is as shown:
...
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN -- catches all 'no data found' errors
The Exceptions improve readability by letting you isolate the error-handling routines. The primary algorithm is not covered by error recovery algorithms. The Exceptions also improve reliability. You do not need to worry about checking for an error at every point it might occur. An exception handler is just adding to your PL/SQL block. If the exception is still raised in that block or any sub-block, you can be definite it will be handled.
Constants and Variables: You can declare the constants and variables in the declarative section of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. The Declarations allot the stor
Tautology - Equivalences Rules: If there Tautologies are not all the time as much easy to note as the one above so than we can use these truth tables to be definite that a sta
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
Object Type: The object type is a user-defined composite datatype which encapsulates a data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data
UNION without CORRESPONDING - SQL The use of UNION without CORRESPONDING. Example is merely by omitting CORRESPONDING, but only because the operands have identical SELECT clau
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Example of Tables within a Table - SQL Example: Obtaining C_ER from COURSE and EXAM_MARK SELECT CourseId, CAST (TABLE (SELECT DISTINCT StudentId, Mark FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
Equivalences & Rewrite Rules: If notice that as well as allowing us to prove trivial theorems, and tautologies enable us to establish that certain sentences are saying the sam
IF Statement The IF statement executes a series of statement conditionally. Whether the series is executed or not depends on the value of the Boolean expression. Syntax:
Using Operator REF: You can retrieve refs by using the operator REF that, like VALUE, takes as its argument a correlation variable. In the illustration below, you retrieve one
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