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Insertion Anomaly: Inability to show certain information-The primary key of the over relation be (enrolment number, Cno). Any new tuple to be inserted in the relation should have a value for the primary key as entity integrity constraint needs that a key may not be totally or partially NULL. Though, in the given relation if one required inserting the number and name of a new course in the database, it would not be feasible until a student enrols in that course. Likewise information about a new student cannot be inserted in the database unless the student enrols in a course. These problems are known as insertion anomalies.
Define cardinality and participation constraints on a relationship type, completeness constraint on generalization. Ans: Cardinality defines the number of entities to wh
Advantages of Database management system Let us summarize the advantages. Reduction of Redundancy: This is perhaps the most important advantage of using DBMS. Redundancy i
What is horizontal fragmentation? Horizontal fragmentation divides the relation by assuming every tuple of r to one or more fragments
random file orgnization
Data Control The data control mostly refers to commands that permit system and data privileges to be passed to several users. These commands are usually available to database admi
Determine the Persistent object Persistent object can be stored in one of the following: Files Cheap, permanent, simple storage Low level (Write, Read) Ap
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
what is Mapping Constraints? with examples
Guidelines for creation of table: Table name should begin with an alphabet. In table name, single quotes and blank spaces are not allowed. Reserve words of that DBM
Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations There are three basic operations to be executes on relations: Insertion Deletion Update The INSER
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