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Discuss how the bi-directional Implementations are made.
In bi-directional implementation of the association, a pair of references must implement every link. The declarations and code essential to support such implementations are same as required in unidirectional implementation. The single difference is that suitable fields have to be declared in both the classes participating in an association.
Example :; transfers transfer_amount from x's account to y's account ; Supposes x&y both accounts exist TRANSACTION (x, y, transfer_amount) Start transaction IF X AND Y
Consistency error : These errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a transaction abort. To overc
Define tuple variable? Tuple variables are used for comparing two tuples in the same relation. The tuple variables are explained in the from clause by way of the as clause.
projects?
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to be relevant aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to shape
Q. Explain data aggregatio n and discuss different design constraints. Sol. Aggregation One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships amon
What is serializability? Explain its types? The data base system must control concurrent implementation of transactions, to ensure that the data base state remains consistent.
What is known as a search key? An attribute or set of attributes used to look up records in a file is known as a search key.
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
how many types of data model in DBMS? explain data abstraction with its different level
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