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FOR-LOOPWhile the number of iterations through a WHILE loop is unknown till the loop completes, then the number of iterations through a FOR loop is known before the loop is entered. The FOR loops iterate over a particular range of integers. The range is the part of an iteration scheme that is enclosed by the keywords FOR and LOOPS. A double dot (..) serve as the range operator. The syntax is as shown below:FOR counter IN [REVERSE] lower_bound..higher_bound LOOPsequence_of_statementsEND LOOP;The range is computed when the FOR loop is first entered and is never re-evaluated.As the next illustration shows, the series of statements is executed once for each integer in the range. After each of the iteration, the loop counter is incremented.FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP -- assign the values 1,2,3 to isequence_of_statements -- executes three timesEND LOOP;The following illustration shows that if the lower bound equals the higher bound, the series of the statements is executed once:FOR i IN 3..3 LOOP -- assign the value 3 to isequence_of_statements -- executes one timeEND LOOP;
JOIN and AND in SQL In this Section is all about one operator, JOIN. SQL's closest counterpart, NATURAL JOIN, has already been covered. Here we look at several other "join" op
Declarations in SQL Your program stores values in the variables and constants. As the program executes, the value of the variables can change, but the values constants cannot.
Advantages of Packages The benefits of the Packages are as shown below: Modularity The Packages encapsulate logically associated items, types, and subprograms in the
%ISOPEN The Oracle closes the SQL cursor automatically after executing its related SQL statement. As a result, the %ISOPEN forever yields FALSE.
1- You can check attribute names from each table in DBF11 by running for example: desc dbf11.Member; desc dbf11.Agent; desc dbf11.Producer; Because some attribute names in
Restriction in SQL Syntax: SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM IS_CALLED WHERE Name = 'Boris' The WHERE clause operates on the result of the FROM clause in analogo
Using %TYPE The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable: credit REAL(7,2); debi
Albeit simple method : These all the truth tables give us our first as albeit simple method for proving a theorem: where check whether it can be written in propositional logic
Datatypes Every constant and variable has a datatype that specifies the storage format, constraints, and the valid range of values. The PL/SQL gives a variety of predefined dat
Updating Objects: To change the attributes of objects in an object table, you can use the UPDATE statement, as the illustration below shows: BEGIN UPDATE persons p SET p
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