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FOR-LOOPWhile the number of iterations through a WHILE loop is unknown till the loop completes, then the number of iterations through a FOR loop is known before the loop is entered. The FOR loops iterate over a particular range of integers. The range is the part of an iteration scheme that is enclosed by the keywords FOR and LOOPS. A double dot (..) serve as the range operator. The syntax is as shown below:FOR counter IN [REVERSE] lower_bound..higher_bound LOOPsequence_of_statementsEND LOOP;The range is computed when the FOR loop is first entered and is never re-evaluated.As the next illustration shows, the series of statements is executed once for each integer in the range. After each of the iteration, the loop counter is incremented.FOR i IN 1..3 LOOP -- assign the values 1,2,3 to isequence_of_statements -- executes three timesEND LOOP;The following illustration shows that if the lower bound equals the higher bound, the series of the statements is executed once:FOR i IN 3..3 LOOP -- assign the value 3 to isequence_of_statements -- executes one timeEND LOOP;
Using %TYPE The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable: credit REAL(7,2); debi
How Exceptions Propagate ? Whenever an exception is raised, and if the PL/SQL cannot find a handler for it in the present subprogram or block, the exception propagates. That is
Data Types in SQL - Timestamp TIMESTAMP for values representing points in time on a specified uniform scale. DATE is used for timestamps on a scale of one day, such as DATE '2
Question: a) Given the following relation: Location(loc_id, bldg_code, room, capacity) The underlined field is a primary key. (i) Write a PL/SQL program using the impl
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable points to the current row in the result set of a multi-row query. But, dissimilar a cursor, a cursor variable can be opene
At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
How Calls Are Resolved? The figure shows that how the PL/SQL compiler resolves the subprogram calls. When the compiler encounters the procedure or function call, it tries to di
Identifiers You use identifiers to name the PL/SQL program items and units that include constants, variables, cursors, exceptions, cursor variables, subprograms, and packages.
DELETE Command - SQL Loosely speaking, DELETE removes some existing rows from its target table. Suppose the university decides that course C3 is to be withdrawn. Example shows
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