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The mathematical expression used for expressing the rates of chemical reaction is given below by taking two different set of chemical reactions. Reactions involving same stoichiometric coefficients of all the reactants and products: let us consider the gaseous reaction between nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. NO2(g) + CO(g) CO2(g) + NO(g)In this case, as the reactants and products appear in same stoichiometric proportions, therefore, the rate of the reactions may be expressed in terms of rate of disappearance of nitrogen dioxide or carbon monoxide or alternatively, by the rate of appearance of carbon dioxide or nitric oxide whichever may be convenient.Thus, the rate of reaction is given by:Rate of reaction = [rate of disappearance of NO2]= [rate of disappearance of CO] = [rate of appearance of CO2] = rate of appearance of CO] Since, nitrogen dioxide is a deep raddish brown gas, the rate of this reaction can be followed more easily by measuring the change in the intensity of colour in the gaseous mixture in a given interval of time.Now consider another reaction Hg(l) + Cl2(g) HgCl2(s)How stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products are same and therefore rate of the reaction is given asi.e. rate of disappearance of any of the reactants is same as the rate of appearance of the product.2. Reactions involving different stoichiometric coefficients of reactants and products:Consider another gaseous reaction between hydrogen and iodine to give hydro-iodic acid. H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)The rate of this reaction can also be given in terms of rate of disappearance of one of the reactants H2 or I2 or in terms of the rate of formation of HI.Now, in the present case, as the reactants (H2 and I2) and products (HI) have different stoichiometric coefficients, this means that for every mole of H2 or I2 reacting we get two moles of HI. Thus, the rate of formation of HI will be twice the rate of disappearance or H2 or I2, to get a unique value of the reaction rate irrespective of the species selected, we divide the rate of change of concentration by the stoichiometric coefficient of reactant or product involved in the reaction. Thus, we haveSimilarly, for the reaction5Br-(aq) + BrO3- (aq) + 6H+(aq) 3 Br (aq) + 3H2O(l)Rate of reaction:It is important to note here that for a gaseous reaction at constant temperature, concentration is directly proportional to the partial pressure of a species and hence, rate can also be expressed as rate of change in partial pressure of the reactant or the product.
Metals: Iron : 1. Most automobiles, machine tools, building parts, the hulls of large ships, and machine parts are made out of iron. (Iron metal is strong but is quite
IUPAC system of nomenclature of complex compounds The naming of any organic compound relies on the name of normal parent hydrocarbon from that it has been derived. IUPAC system
The postulate of Bohr theory that electrons jump from one orbit to the other, rather than flow is according to : (1) The quantisation concept (2) The wave nature of elect
I well know about electromagnetic spectrum but I did not know the any scope of spectroscopy & I want to know about I r spectra in detail & absorption spectroscopy.
Conditions which a dye must satisfy and describe them
SHOW A LABELED SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A SINGLE BEAM ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
positve deviation from beer''s law
The wavelength of the radiation emitted, when in a hydrogen atom electron falls from infinity to stationary state 1, would be (Rydberg constant 1.097 x 10 7 m -1 ) (1) 406 nm
#actinide contraction
Hydride generation method: The hydride generation method of sample enhances the detection limits by a factor of 10 to 100 by converting the analyte element into a volatile hyd
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