Question:

(a) Frederick Taylor observed that workers worked below their optimum level (soldiering). He thus devised systematic methods based on a set of principles. These principles were later known as the "four principles of scientific management". List and describe the four principles.

(b) What is an organisation's specific business environment? Describe the various components of the specific business environment.

(c) As a manager, motivating and catering for the needs of the employees are of paramount importance. In that respect Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs provides with a very useful tool. Briefly describe the various levels of needs in the Maslow Hierarchy. For each need give one example how they can be satisfied.