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Q. Explain about Zener Diodes?
Most diodes are not intended to be operated in the reverse breakdown region. Diodes designed expressly to operate in the breakdown region are called zener diodes. A nearly constant voltage in the breakdown region is obtained for a large range of reverse current through the control of semiconductor processes. The principal operating region for a zener diode is the negative of that for a regular diode in terms of both voltage and current. Zener diodes are employed in circuits for establishing reference voltages and for maintaining a constant voltage for a load in regulator circuits. Figure shows the device symbol along with the linearized i-v curve and the circuit model.
As seen from the i-v characteristic, a zener diode approximates an ideal diode in the forward region. However, when the reverse bias exceeds the zener voltage VZ, the diode starts to conduct in the reverse direction and acts like a small reverse resistance RZ in series with a battery VZ. Zener diodes are available with values of VZ in the range of 2 to 200 V. The circuit model of Figure (c) incorporates two ideal diodes, Df and Dr, to reflect the forward and reverse characteristics of the zener diode. The i-v curve thus has two breakpoints, one for each ideal diode, and three straight-line segments.
Which clipper would you prefer between the series and the shunt clipper? Why?
after course what can i do
The single-phase, 50-kVA, 2400:240-V, 60-Hz, two-winding distribution transformer is connected as a step-up autotransformer, as shown in Figure. Assume that the 240-V winding is pr
The far-field pattern of an antenna can be modeled as the two dimensional Fourier Transform of the aperture. 1. Determine the 2D Fourier Transform for the function
Q. How and why are the grounding and shielding used in electronic instruments? Sol. In electronic instruments grounding and Shielding techniques are available in order to a
Memory Address The memory address is of 16 bits. It ranges from 0000?H to FFFH 16bits address lines of 8085 microprocessor are capable of addressing 216 i e 65, 536, ( or
(a) Estimate the hysteresis loss at 60 Hz for a toroidal (doughnut-shaped) core of 300-mm mean diameter and a square cross section of 50mmby 50mm. The symmetrical hysteresis loop f
SID Input Serial input data single bit can be accepted through this pin using RIM command discussed in details in chapter8.
ACI Add Immediate with Carry Instruction Similar to ADC instruction 8 bit data specified in the instruction and Carry are added to the contents of the accumulator and
Consider the following IIR filter. The initial input data sequence is given by x n = [10 15 20 15 8 6 9 0 0 0] Construct a table that shows the corresponding signal values at
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