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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Clustered file organization A clustered file is also called a B-tree-clustered file is a tree-structured file in which records with adjacent index values are clustered toget
Consider a scenario of post mailbox, there are two processes named sender S and receiver R. Both processes can communicate with each other by name along with message. You need to I
What is the purpose of system calls? System calls permit user-level processes to request services of the operating system.
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Q. What are the three major purposes of an operating system? Answer: To offers an environment for a computer user to execute programs on computer hardware in a conveni
Explain the steps in deadlock recovery. a) Exterminate off all processes involved - drastic. b) Exterminate off one at a time till deadlock gone - select a victim.
Introduction of linux
Safety algorithm : This is to make sure if the system is in safe state or not. It may need an order of m x n2 operation to determine if the state of the system is safe or not.
Define a layer that is not of an IO management module MCS that is Management Control System is not of an IO management module
time-stamping It is a method proposed by Lamport, used to sequencing events in a distributed machine without the use of clocks. This process is intended to order events consis
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