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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Medium term scheduling is form of the swapping operation. This attaches to processes that are in a suspended or blocked state. They are swapped out of real-memory storage until t
list trhe various classification of model and types?
Declare some Applications of Open Source Systems • Finance • Educational • Data Storage and Management • ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) •File Sharing & FTP
Resolution of externally defined symbols is carried out by Resolution of externally defined symbols is carried out by Linker
Q. What is Multiprogramming? Multiprogramming When two or more programs are in memory at the same instance, sharing the processor is referred to multiprogramming opera
Differentiate between sequential access and direct access method?
We have talked about blocking locks, which voluntarily yield, and spinlocks, which just spin until they acquire the lock. At ?rst, it seems like spinlocks are verywasteful, and tha
Multi-level page tables are tree-like structures to hold page tables. As an example, consider a two- level page table, again on a 32-bit architecture with 212 = 4 kbyte pages. Now,
Q. Could you replicate a multilevel directory structure with a single-level directory structure in which arbitrarily long names can be used? If your answer is yes describe how you
Q. Presume that a scheduling algorithm at the level of short-term CPU scheduling favours those processes that have used the least processor time in the recent past. Why this algori
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