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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Explain Components of conflict phase of dispatch latency The conflict phase of dispatch latency has two components 1. Preemption of any process running in the kernel. 2.
Q. Consider the demand-paged computer system where the level of multiprogramming is currently fixed at four. The system was recently deliberate to determine utilization of CPU and
approaches to identify free memory area in a heap
whats 9 times 56
Transparency Users must be able to access remote resources as though these resources were local. Transparency should as well promote user mobility. Users must be allowed
An analysis, which defines the syntactic structure of the source statement, is known as Syntax analysis defines the syntactic structure of the source statement
Define caching. A cache is a region of fast memory that holds copies of data. Access to the cached copy is well-organized than access to the original. Caching and buffering are
List disadvantages of using a single directory. Users have no privacy. Users must be careful in choosing file names, to avoid names used by others. Users may destroy each othe
Note for assignment
Question: a) What is an Input/Output module and what are the five categories their functions fall into? b) What is an Operating System? Briefly describe the two objectives
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