Java Programming Concepts:
During the early days of the internet, Sun Microsystems introduced the Java language, with great fanfare, in 1995. Java immediately generated huge interest and excitement - use of the language took off more rapidly than any computer language before or since.
Java is the language most identi?ed with the internet and its friendly face, the web. In this course, you will learn how Java originated and how it is used nowadays. Most importantly, you will learn the language used to build systems that power so much of the web in applications ranging from e-commerce to online games, downloadable music to online banking. Java runs on servers, PCs, mobile phones and PDAs (personal digital assistants). It can be found in TV set-top boxes, in embedded devices (forming part of larger systems such as cars, robots or printers), in smart cards and even in wearable computers. Java really is everywhere.
In this unit, we aim to:
- briefly outline the history of the Java programming language and the aims of its designers;
- highlight the wide range of platforms for which Java is available and the implications of this;
- show you what a simple Java program looks like and enable you to run a simple
- Java application, using the course software tools;
- explain the basic concepts of a system as a collection of interacting objects;
- outline the role of classes in object-orientation;
- show how inheritance is used to design class hierarchies.
The developers of the Java language had a number of design goals. These were set out in their so-called 'white paper' on the Java Programming Language Environment. Later in the course we assess how successful the designers have been in meeting their aims. We list below some of the characteristics the language was to have.
- Simple: Java has a small, consistent core of fundamental concepts, which should make it simple to learn.
- Familiar: the language syntax is closely based on the popular C++ language, although reduced in complexity.
- Object-oriented: Java programs are structured around objects - we will explore this later in the unit.
- Robust: Java programs are strictly checked by software before they run and the language omits various error-prone features of C and C++.
- Secure: Java has special security features to ensure that programs running over networks cannot damage your computer files or introduce viruses.
- Portable: Java programs can easily be transferred from one platform (such as Windows on a PC) to run on another platform (such as Linux on a specialized server) with little or no change.
- High performance: Java programs can run fast enough for what is needed in each aspect of a program.
- Interpreted: we explain interpreted languages later, in Section 3, but at this stage we will just note that this is a key aspect of Java portability.
- Threaded: threaded languages allow a program to do several things at once, which can greatly improve performance.
- Dynamic: Java programs can adapt to changes in their environment even while the program is running.
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