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Transmissible spongif orm encephalopathies
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs, also called Prion diseases) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases such as scrapie of sheep, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) of humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is thought to be the cause of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (vCJD) which is a neurological disease different from CJD, leading to death in humans. TSEs are caused by accumulation of prion protein, an abnormal form of protein found in humans and animals. Normal prion protein is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, but conversion of normal prion protein to the TSE form appears to be restricted primarily to cells of the nervous and lymphoid systems. In order to determine why some cell types are more resistant to TSE infection than others, scientists developed a tissue culture system that allows them to monitor both acute and persistent abnormal prion protein (PrP- res) formation. It has been demonstrated that while any cell type can make new PrP- res following exposure to TSE infectivity, only some cell types go on to become chronically infected and make PrP-res persistently. This suggests that there are cell- specific factors that determine the susceptibility of a cell to chronic TSE infection. These factors, once identified, could be useful in designing effective anti-TSE therapeutics.
What are algal blooms
Phyium Oomycetes 1) They reproduced asexually by non-motile conidia and/or mobile flagellatedzoospores. 2) The sexual reproduction is by fusion of a male gamete with an egg
EXCRETIO N IN AMOEBA - NH 3 is excreted out through plasmalemma. Osmoregulation takes place by contractile vacoule, generally one, towards posterior end, contractile in
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What is Cluster headache This is a unilateral pain in the head or face that rarely lasts longer than 2 hours but recurs repeatedly for a period of weeks or even months before d
South Dakota and Oregon are at similar latitudes, and yet, on average, Oregon has warmer winters and cooler summers than South Dakota does. What property of water helps account for
Proteins destined to be secreted from the eukaryotic cell are synthesized by ribosomes bound to the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum). As the protein is synthesized it is transloca
How do the repairing enzymes of the genetic system act? There are enzymes within the cells that detect errors or alterations in DNA molecules and start a repair of those errors
How are water, mineral salts and food (sugar) transported throughout the plant? Water, mineral salts and sugar are transported throughout the plant through conductive vessels f
Compare and contracte the phylum of ceolantrate
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